Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern, especially for low and middle-income countries with limited resources and information. The study's objective was to assess the prevalence of MetS in Freetown, Sierra Leone, using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Harmonize ATP III. Additionally, we aimed to establish the concordance between these three different criteria used. This community-based health screening survey was conducted from October 2019 to October 2022. A multistage stratified random design was used to select adults aged 20 years and above. Mean, interquartile range (IQR), and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The kappa coefficient statistics resolved the agreement between these defined criteria. The prevalence for NCEP ATP III, Harmonize ATP III and IDF criteria was 11.8 % (95 % CI: 9.0-15.15), 14.3 % (95 % CI: 11.3-18.0), and 8.5 % (95 % CI: 6.2-11.2), respectively for the 2394 selected adults. The kappa coefficient (κ) agreement between the MetS is: Harmonized ATP III and IDF criteria = [(208 (60.8 %); (κ = 0.62)]; Harmonized ATP III and NCEP ATP III = [(201 (58.7 %); (κ = 0.71)]; while IDF and NCEP ATP III was [(132 (38.6 %); (κ = 0.52)]. In the multivariable regression analysis, waist circumference correlated with all three MetS criteria: ATP III [AOR = 0.85; C.I 95 %: (0.40-1.78), p = 0.032], Harmonized ATP III [AOR = 1.14; C.I 95 %: (0.62-2.11), p = 0.024], IDF [AOR = 1.06; C.I 95 % (0.52-2.16), p = 0.018]. We reported a high prevalence of MetS in Freetown, Sierra Leone and identified waist circumference as a major risk factor for MetS. This underscores the crucial role of health education and effective management of MetS in Sierra Leone.

We take into account here the stochastic-fractional Broer–Kaup equations (SFBKEs) perturbed by the multiplicative Wiener process. To get rational, hyperbolic, and elliptic stochastic solutions for SBKEs, we utilize the Jacobi elliptic function method. The derived solutions are significantly more useful and effective in comprehending various important challenging physical phenomena due to the important of SFBKEs in describing the propagation of shallow water waves. Also, we use the MATLAB Package to create 2D and 3D graphs for certain solutions of SFBKEs in order to discuss the impact of fractional order and the Wiener process on the solutions of SFBKEs.

The present study’s intention is to produce exact estimations of some problems involving logarithmic coefficients for functions belonging to the considered subcollection B T sin of the bounded turning class. Furthermore, for the class B T sin , we look into the accurate bounds of the Zalcman inequality, Fekete-Szegö inequality along with D 2 , 1 G g / 2 and D 2 , 2 G g / 2 . Importantly, all of these bounds are shown to be sharp.

The fractional-stochastic Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equations (FSDSWEs) perturbed by the multiplicative Wiener process are studied. The mapping method is used to obtain rational, hyperbolic, and elliptic stochastic solutions for FSDSWEs. Due to the importance of FSDSWEs in describing the propagation of shallow water waves, the derived solutions are significantly more useful and effective in understanding various important challenging physical phenomena. In addition, we use the MATLAB Package to generate 3D graphs for specific FSDSWE solutions in order to discuss the impact of fractional order and the Wiener process on the solutions of FSDSWEs.

This article discusses an iterative transformation method via fuzziness that mixtures the Laplace transform with the iterative iterative method. Using Caputo derivative operator, the proposed technique demonstrates the inherent reliability of fractional fuzzy biological population equations with initial fuzzy conditions. The obtained results to the fuzzy fractional biological equations are more general and apply to a broad variety of problems. A parametric description of the solutions is obtained by translating the fuzzy fractional differential equation into an equivalent system of corresponding fractional differential equations. The proposed method is numerically tested against crisp solutions and those produced by other methods, demonstrating that it is a convenient and remarkably accurate way to solve a tool for solving a wide variety of physics and engineering problems.

Background: FerBlity levels in Sierra Leone have been on the decline from approximately 5.1 children in 2008 to 4.2 children in 2019, it is sBll high compared to many countries. This has potenBally negaBve consequences to the economic growth and development of a country. The objecBve of this study is to assess selected socioeconomic and demographic variables that influence ferBlity in Sierra Leone. Method: This is a populaBon-based study using the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) dataset. The background variables selected for this analysis were: region of residence; educaBonal status; wealth index and age. The roles of each of these determinants in declining ferBlity (total children ever born) were established. We performed logisBc regression to explain the observed socioeconomic dispariBes in ferBlity using the IBM SPSS StaBsBcs version 25, and staBsBcal significance was pegged at p>0.05. Results: Data of 9,519 women between the ages of 15 to 49 years, who have at least one child were extracted for this study. In the analysis, we found that women educaBonal level, Wealth Index, Region and age in 5-years group had significant effect on the total number of children ever born. Women with no formal educaBon were more likely to be more ferBle compared to those with higher level of educaBon (OR = 5.410, 95% CI 4.216-6.941). The likelihood of high ferBlity was OR=2.594(95% CI 2.301, 2.924, p<0.001) Bmes higher among poor women than rich women. Also, women who lived in the North Western region were more likely to have more children compared to those who lived in Western region (OR = 1.194, 95% CI 1.063-1.341, p<0.000). Conclusion: This study concludes that women in high-socioeconomic status are less likely to have more children in Sierra Leone. On the other hand, women in the North western tend to have more children. As a policy measure, it is suggested that priority be given to women's educaBonal akainment and the socioeconomic wellbeing of women in Sierra Leone.