In this paper, it is first attempted to provide a small signal model of the photovoltaic (PV) system, DC-DC boost converter, and pulse width modulation (PWM) generator. Then, a technique is provided for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in grid-connected solar systems based on variable and adaptive perturbation and observation with predictive control of the PV current. An innovative aspect of the proposed predictive current control method is to use the current controller to achieve the value of PV impedance, which has been used in DC-DC boost converter. The proposed method is to obtain the coming current value on the basis of the current predictive model. The goal of the proposed method is to make the DC-DC boost converter inductor current track the current reference. Voltage and current ripple minimization is added to the cost function simultaneously as a system constraint to optimize system performance. This reduces the amount of voltage and current fluctuations around the maximum power point. The proposed method is capable of detecting rapid changes in solar radiation. A sudden and simultaneous increase in voltage and current is detected by the algorithm and then the duty cycle becomes increasing instead of decreasing. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment in real-time for a 26.6 kW three-phase grid-connected solar system. The simulation results of current predictive control are compared with perturbation and observation techniques and linear voltage and current proportional integral derivative (PID) controller-based adaptive control. The results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD%) of the inverter voltage with proposed method has been reduced by 0.16% compared to the PID method. In addition, the THD% of the current in the proposed method is reduced by 0.1% compared to the PID method. The solar system output voltage variation of the proposed method is less than 5 V.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of control methods to achieve an optimal PV module output voltage and to track the maximum power point from photovoltaic PV systems under changeable conditions such as (Temperature and solar irradiances) and load changes, with the help of Perturb and Observe “P&O ” algorithm that provides the reference voltage. The PV system consists of a solar module and a DC/DC converter; in this case a boost converter is used, connected to a load. The first is to use the integral and derivative (PI) controller, while in the second a Backstepping, with and without integral action, is used. The study is done for a centrifugal pump driven by permanent magnet DC motor. The parameters considered for the comparison are the extracted power from the PV system under changeable conditions such as the temperature and the irradiances and signal ripples. Simulations used to demonstrate the efficiency of the compared methods in presence of the environmental perturbations and load changes.

In this article, a novel systematic approach is proposed for a partial sliding mode controller (SMC) design and tuning in non-minimum phase switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). To achieve a more simplified controller in comparison with the conventional SMCs, the partial SMC (PSMC) is introduced in this article, which just requires a part of the sliding surface for controller formulation. The accuracy of the developed PSMC is proved mathematically within the entire range of operation. Since the control parameters of the PSMC are not selected by trial and error, it can maintain the stability and robustness of the closed-loop system in a broad operational range. In this regard, and to develop a systematic approach for robust control of SMPS, a constant frequency equivalent SMC is designed using the converter nominal parameters. Then, the extracted controller is combined with an adaptive component to ensure asymptotical stability against load and line changes. Considering the Lyapunov stability criteria for nonlinear systems, it is proved that the presented SPMC can be used for output voltage regulation in both discontinuous and continuous operating modes with zero steady state error. To avoid the trial and error method during the controller tuning and parameters selection, the system characteristic equation is extracted using the Jacobian approach. Considering the roots of the characteristic equation and the stable range of the closed-loop system, the controller parameters are tuned. Furthermore, in addition to simulation, the developed approach is evaluated practically using the TMS3220F2810 digital signal processor. It is shown that the dynamic response of the proposed approach is faster than the standard double-loop SMC during load and line changes. Additionally, it is seen that the developed controller is robust against model changes in both continuous and discontinuous operations.

The development of robust and efficient wireless charging systems is essential for the widespread adoption of electrification in the transport sector, e.g., Electric Vehicles (EVs). Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer (CWPT) has emerged as a promising alternative to inductive methods, offering advantages such as lower cost, lighter structure, and reduced electromagnetic interference. However, the performance of practical CWPT systems, particularly systems employing simple L-type compensation networks, is severely affected by coupling plate misalignment, which causes variations in coupling capacitance. These variations give rise to a pseudo-resonance phenomenon, wherein conventional controllers, such as traditional Sliding Mode Control, mistakenly regulate reactive power to zero at an off-resonant frequency, leading to a drastic collapse in active power transfer. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces a novel Adaptive Sliding Mode Control (ASMC) framework augmented with an online Recursive Least Squares (RLS) observer for real-time estimation of the time-varying coupling capacitance. The proposed dual-loop control structure integrates an inner adaptive loop that accurately tracks capacitance changes and an outer sliding mode loop that dynamically adjusts the inverter switching frequency to sustain true resonant operation. A rigorous Lyapunov-based stability analysis confirms global convergence and robustness of the closed-loop system. Comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink R2025a simulations validate the proposed approach, demonstrating its capability to maintain zero reactive power and stable 35 kW power transfer with over 95% efficiency under dynamic misalignment conditions of up to 30%. In contrast, a conventional SMC approach experiences severe pseudo-resonant collapse, with output power degrading below 1 kW. These results conclusively highlight the effectiveness and necessity of the proposed ASMC-RLS strategy for achieving robust, misalignment-tolerant CWPT in high-power EV charging applications.

The main challenges of the input current control in synchronous DC-DC buck converters are the nonlinear model of the system, changes of the operating point in a wide range, and the need to use an input LC filter for current smoothing, which may result in the instability of the closed-loop system. In this paper, a step-by-step approach is developed for the design and improvement of a PI-feedforward closed-loop controller. It is shown that a linear PI controller cannot stabilize the closed-loop system properly during wide changes in model parameters, e.g., an equivalent series resistance of the input filter. To cope with the stability issues, a fixed-frequency sliding mode controller (SMC) has been developed in this paper for the implementation of an electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) emulator. Moreover, a systematic approach is proposed for controller tuning and the selection of the SMC’s gains. To achieve high power efficiency, high-frequency GaN switches are used for the practical implementation of the DC-DC converter. Despite large changes in the load current, the designed nonlinear controller can track the input current reference satisfactorily. Steady-state and dynamic responses of the proposed SMC are compared with conventional linear controllers. Considering the Lyapunov stability theorem, it is proved that the designed SMC can stabilize the closed-loop system in the entire utilizable domain. The proposed nonlinear SMC controller enjoys a very simple control law. Hence, despite having very high switching and sampling frequencies, it can be easily implemented. The experimental response of the designed synchronous DC-DC buck converter is evaluated experimentally by implementing the control strategy in a TMS320F28335PGFA DSP from Texas Instrument. Moreover, the comprehensive comparison of the proposed SMC controller and a PI-feedforward controller proved the superior performance of the developed closed-loop system, in terms of the transient time response, robustness, and stability of the EMA emulator.