The present study examined the volatile profiles of Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) and Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) grown for different cultivation years by using HS-SPME/GC-MS and determined the key discriminant volatile compounds by chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Fifty-six compounds, including forty terpenes, eight alcohols, one alkane, one ketone, and one furan, were identified in the ginseng roots. The chemometric results identified two major clusters of American ginseng and Korean ginseng cultivars with distinct volatile compositions. The volatile compounds in fresh white ginseng roots were affected by the species, but the influence of different cultivation ages was ambiguous. The major volatile components of ginseng roots are terpenes, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In particular, panaginsene, ginsinsene, α-isocomene, and caryophyllene were predominant in Korean ginseng cultivars, whereas β-farnesene levels were higher in American ginseng. The difference in volatile patterns between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium could be attributed to the composition of sesquiterpenes such as β-panaginsene, ginsinsene, caryophyllene, and β-farnesene.

Yejin Kim, Keono Kim, Keup-rae Kim, Jun Ho Kim, Donghui Lee, Siyong Kwon, Junsoo Lee, Keum-ll Jang, Byung Hee Kim, and Jeehye Sung. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2022;51:56-63. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2022.51.1.56

Jihwan Kim, Yoonjeong Kim, Myeongbin Park, Yejin Kim, Daejung Kim, and Younghwa Kim. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2025;54:42-9. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2025.54.1.42