The 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements.

The genusAlpioniscusRacovitza, 1908 (Trichoniscidae) from Sardinia is revised. Three new cave-dwelling species are described:A.onnisiTaiti & Argano,sp. n.,A.stochiTaiti & Argano,sp. n., andA.sideralisTaiti & Argano,sp. n.. The genusUtopioniscusSchmalfuss, 2005 is considered to be a junior synonym ofAlpioniscus, after morphological and molecular analyses.Alpioniscusfragilis(Budde-Lund, 1909) andA.kuehnifrom Grotta del Bue Marino are illustrated. With the new species, the genusAlpioniscusin Sardinia comprises six species: two troglobionts (A.fragilisandA.onnisi), one endogean and troglobiont (A.thanitTaiti & Argano, 2009), and three stygobionts (A.kuehni,A.stochi, andA.sideralis). All the species occur in karstic areas in the central-eastern and south-eastern part of the island. A key to all the Sardinian species ofAlpioniscusis provided.

To date, approximately 190 species of terrestrial isopods are known from Brazil and only 14 are considered troglobiotic. After the examination of a large collection from caves in Bambuí and Una geomorphological areas, along the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Goiás, two new troglobiotic species were recognized. Pectenoniscus liliae Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. (Styloniscidae) is described from Serra do Ramalho karst area, and Benthana xiquinhoi Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. (Philosciidae) from sandstone caves of Chapada Diamantina region. The latter constitutes the second troglomorphic species of the genus. Xangoniscus aganju (Styloniscidae) is also recorded from two caves in the Serra do Ramalho karst area. The systematic position of Iuiuniscus iuiuensis is briefly discussed and Venezillo congener (Armadillidae) is redescribed from São Domingos karst area.

A large collection of terrestrial isopods from different Brazilian regions was examined. Two new species of Amazoniscus Lemos de Castro, 1967 (Scleropactidae) are described: A. zimmeri Campos-Filho, Montesanto & Araujo sp. nov. from the state of Pará and A. schmidti Campos-Filho, Montesanto & Taiti sp. nov. from the state of Minas Gerais. Pseudotyphloscia alba (Dollfus, 1898) (Philosciidae) is firstly recorded from Brazil. The systematic position of Venezillo tuberosus (Budde-Lund, 1904) is discussed and transferred to Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942. Androdeloscia lejeunei (Lemos de Castro & Souza, 1986) and Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833 from the state of Pará, are redescribed.

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Taiti S., Gardini P. – The family Olibrinidae in Italy (Malacostraca Isopoda Oniscidea). Among the Oniscidea, the family Olibrinidae is still poorly known and was not yet recorded from Italy. The genus Castellanethes Brian, 1952, previously included in the family Trichoniscidae, is transferred to the family Olibrinidae, representing the first record of this family for Italy. Castellanethes sanfilippoi Brian, 1952 is redescribed from specimens collected in a cave in Apulia, Italy, close to the type locality. The genus Adoniscus Vandel, 1955 is considered to be a junior synonym of Castellanethes. Castellanethes soloisensis (Vandel, 1959) from Morocco is also figured. A diagnosis of the genus, key to species and distribution map are given. Key Words: Olibrinidae, Castellanethes, Apulia, Italy, cave, Adoniscus, synonymy.