Electrospinning is considered a promising technology for fabricating ultrafine fibers via the application of electrostatic repulsive forces. Electrospun nanofibers produced via emulsion electrospinning are widely used as delivery systems to encapsulate bioactive compounds and drugs in food and pharmaceuticals, respectively. Emulsion electrospinning has also gained significant interest for the production of vehicles for sustained and controlled release. There are several parameters affecting the properties of fabricated fibers including the type of emulsion, emulsion composition, electric field strength, conductivity of solution, surface tension, electrode configuration, solution cooling time, dissolution temperature, and solution flow rate; therefore, all these parameters should be precisely controlled to obtain optimum results. Some of the advantages of these fibers are the protection of encapsulated materials from environmental conditions, room temperature processes, release rate control and high loading efficiency. This study presents an overview of the emulsion electrospinning method, its mechanism of action and its applications in both the food and pharmaceutical fields.

A number of challenges in skin grafting for wound healing have drawn researchers to focus on skin tissue engineering as an alternative solution. The core idea of tissue engineering is to use scaffolds, cells, and/or bioactive molecules to help the skin to properly recover from injuries. Over the past decades, the field has significantly evolved, developing various strategies to accelerate and improve skin regeneration. However, there are still several concerns that should be addressed. Among these limitations, vascularization is known as a critical challenge that needs thorough consideration. Delayed wound healing of large defects results in an insufficient vascular network and ultimately ischemia. Recent advances in the field of tissue engineering paved the way to improve vascularization of skin substitutes. Broadly, these solutions can be classified into two categories as (1) use of growth factors, reactive oxygen species-inducing nanoparticles, and stem cells to promote angiogenesis, and (2) in vitro or in vivo prevascularization of skin grafts. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art approaches, their limitations, and highlights the latest advances in therapeutic vascularization strategies for skin tissue engineering.