The study aimed to explore the barriers to the development and adoption of biogas and to pinpoint the issues hindering the local government’s role in providing this renewable energy in Mokambo peri-urban area. Employing a qualitative method and case study as a strategy, the study revealed a range of barriers to the development and adoption of biogas technology in the study area. Employing purposive sampling, a total of 25 informants have been selected and interviewed using an interview guide. The study findings identified the factors under four major themes: institutional, situational, technical, and dispositional barriers. The responses from various stakeholders showed an increasing concern, particularly among non-beneficiaries and representatives of the private sector. Additionally, the local representatives and officials acknowledged their failure in providing energy to the common people and explained the limitations behind this failure. The study findings urge the Zambian government to take a practical and methodical approach to establish a strong institutional infrastructure, formulate plans and policies that focus on renewable energy, develop strong public-private partnerships, and encourage research and development. The study also recommends promoting a stable market, improving coordination and public awarenessto address the challenges for the development and adoption of biogas technology, and strengthening the local government’s capacity to provide clean energy in Zambia.

This study sheds light on investigating the root causes, dynamic pressure and unsafe conditions to the progression of social vulnerability of the people residing in 48th ward of Hazaribagh Thana, Dhaka South City (DSC) of Bangladesh. We employed qualitative method to explore people’s knowledge, views and perceptions on the production of social vulnerability to earthquake disasters. We utilized key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to find out the research objectives. Applying purposive sampling, the study selected a total of 16 informants for conducting KIIs, and 25 informants were chosen for administering FGDs. Examining the Pressure and Release (PAR) model developed by Wisner et al., ( 2011 Wisner, B. , Gaillard, J. C. , & Kelman, I. (2011). Framing disaster. In The Routledge handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction. Routledge. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203844236.ch3 [Google Scholar] ), the research revealed that low income status of the family, single headed family, lack of proper health services, unavailability of urban emergency center, limited access to power, and political systems contributed to the production of root causes of the progression of social vulnerability. The dynamic pressures involved lack of appropriate skills, unplanned residences and industry, rapid population growth, which played vital role to the production of vulnerability. Finally, the poor housing materials, dangerous location, and lack of first aid documents found associated with the unsafe conditions of the creation of vulnerability of earthquake hazards.

The present study aimed to understand the current situation of diverse crop production in the northern region of Bangladesh. It also focused on sustainable production and consumption (SDG-12) and its association with crop diversification in the study area. The study adopted several tools and techniques of qualitative methods to design, collect data, and analyze them. By utilizing a non-random, purposive sampling, we chose some selected areas in northern Bangladesh, and following the sampling procedure, 50 farmers (small-scale agriculture producers) were selected to answer the central research questions and study-specific objectives. As part of the qualitative data analysis technique, this research employed a 'thematic analysis' tool to categorize the collected data under appropriate sub-themes which highlighted the study's major aims and objectives. It is demonstrated that crop diversification is one of the most important strategies for ensuring sustainable agriculture and production. In addition, diverse agricultural production plays a vital role in ensuring farmers' accessibility to food for household consumption. The study recommends that crop diversification should be thoroughly encouraged by the government of Bangladesh (GoB) to achieve SDG-12 (Sustainable Production and Consumption) by 2030. Additionally, the relevant officials of the GoB should provide necessary high-yielding seeds of diverse crops among the peasants in rural Bangladesh. Further research can be carried out on climate-resilient local food production systems to ensure sustainable food production and consumption in the country.

In this paper, we propose an effective framework for implementing electronic governance (e-governance) and e-services in developing countries like Bangladesh. We also present a comparative analysis of present government architecture and the prospects and challenges of implementing e-governance in Bangladesh emphasizing on the usage and potential of facilitating e-services in various sectors of governance. Specific concerns of implementing electronic governance in a developing country like Bangladesh where there exists extreme shortage of resources, limitations in financing, absence of proper development planning, lack of skilled human resources, unavailability of stable and fair democracy and more importantly, a number of unavoidable circumstances including natural disasters. We especially present the adaptability of e-governance in the prime sectors of government and provide a methodical study on the strategies of involving mass people in the governance process improving information and service delivery with their participation in overall decision-making. The potential to ensure highest level of services in all the sectors of government with the implementation of e-governance is also presented in this paper. Moreover, we provide specific recommendations for implementing e-governance in the most feasible, cost-effective, and efficient manner. Analyzing the conducted survey result through statistical procedures also derives a couple of significant factors in implementing e-governance. This paper also aims to point the possible solutions in handling the barriers to implement electronic governance. The supporting framework for integrating the overall socio-economic activities under the information and communication technology framework is also conveyed in this paper.