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Dr. Philip Gardiner
Sheffield Hallam university, United Kingdom

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0 Analytical Chemistry
0 Biosensors
0 Method Development and Validation
0 nano and functional materials
0 Nano material application

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Journal article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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M. capsulatus Bath is a well-characterized aerobic methane-oxidizing bacterium that has become a model system for biotechnological development of methanotrophs to perform useful reactions for environmental cleanup and for making valuable chemicals and biological products using methane gas. Interest in such technology has increased recently owing to increasing availability of low-cost methane from fossil and biological sources. Here, it is demonstrated that this versatile methanotroph can reduce the toxic contaminating heavy metal chromium(VI) to the less toxic form chromium(III) while accumulating the chromium(III) within the cells. This is expected to diminish the bioavailability of the chromium and make it less likely to be reoxidized to chromium(VI). Thus, M. capsulatus has the capacity to perform methane-driven remediation of chromium-contaminated water and other materials and to accumulate the chromium in the low-toxicity chromium(III) form within the cells.

ACS Style

Salaheldeen Enbaia; Abdurrahman Eswayah; Nicole Hondow; Philip H. E. Gardiner; Thomas J. Smith. Detoxification, Active Uptake, and Intracellular Accumulation of Chromium Species by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2021, 87, 1 .

AMA Style

Salaheldeen Enbaia, Abdurrahman Eswayah, Nicole Hondow, Philip H. E. Gardiner, Thomas J. Smith. Detoxification, Active Uptake, and Intracellular Accumulation of Chromium Species by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2021; 87 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salaheldeen Enbaia; Abdurrahman Eswayah; Nicole Hondow; Philip H. E. Gardiner; Thomas J. Smith. 2021. "Detoxification, Active Uptake, and Intracellular Accumulation of Chromium Species by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 87, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2020 in Chemosensors
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Thiols and selenides bind to the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and thus provide suitable platforms for the fabrication of sensors. However, the co-existence of adsorbed citrate on the surface of the nanoparticles can influence their functionalization behavior and potentially their sensing performance measured by the extent of particle aggregation. In this study, the functionalization of purchased (7.3 ± 1.2 nm) and in-house prepared AuNPs (13.8 ± 1.2 nm), under the same experimental conditions with either cysteamine (Cys), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), or l-selenocystine (SeCyst) was investigated. 1H-NMR measurements showed distinct citrate signatures on the in-house synthesized citrate-stabilized AuNPs, while no citrate signals were detected on the purchased AuNPs other than evidence of the presence of α-ketoglutaric acid. Carboxylate-containing species attributed to either citrate or α-ketoglutaric acid were identified in all functionalized AuNPs. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the functionalization of AuNPs with Cys and 3-MPA, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy measurements suggested the formation of SeCyst functionalized AuNPs. Co-adsorption rather than displacement by the functionalizing agents and carboxylate-containing molecules was indicated, which for Cys and SeCyst functionalized AuNPs was also the aggregation limiting factor. In contrast, the behavior of 3-MPA functionalized AuNPs could be attributed to electrostatic repulsions between the functionalized groups.

ACS Style

Georgia I. Sakellari; Nicole Hondow; Philip H.E. Gardiner. Factors Influencing the Surface Functionalization of Citrate Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles with Cysteamine, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid or l-Selenocystine for Sensor Applications. Chemosensors 2020, 8, 80 .

AMA Style

Georgia I. Sakellari, Nicole Hondow, Philip H.E. Gardiner. Factors Influencing the Surface Functionalization of Citrate Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles with Cysteamine, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid or l-Selenocystine for Sensor Applications. Chemosensors. 2020; 8 (3):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georgia I. Sakellari; Nicole Hondow; Philip H.E. Gardiner. 2020. "Factors Influencing the Surface Functionalization of Citrate Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles with Cysteamine, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid or l-Selenocystine for Sensor Applications." Chemosensors 8, no. 3: 80.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2020 in Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Jesus J. Ojeda; Mohamed L. Merroun; Anna V. Tugarova; Silvia Lampis; Alexander A. Kamnev; Philip H. E. Gardiner. Developments in the study and applications of bacterial transformations of selenium species. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 2020, 40, 1250 -1264.

AMA Style

Jesus J. Ojeda, Mohamed L. Merroun, Anna V. Tugarova, Silvia Lampis, Alexander A. Kamnev, Philip H. E. Gardiner. Developments in the study and applications of bacterial transformations of selenium species. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 2020; 40 (8):1250-1264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesus J. Ojeda; Mohamed L. Merroun; Anna V. Tugarova; Silvia Lampis; Alexander A. Kamnev; Philip H. E. Gardiner. 2020. "Developments in the study and applications of bacterial transformations of selenium species." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 40, no. 8: 1250-1264.

Paper
Published: 18 June 2020 in Environmental Science: Nano
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Microorganisms such as Stenotrophomonas bentonitica could influence the safety of the deep geological repository system by producing nanoparticles and volatile compounds of selenium.

ACS Style

Miguel A. Ruiz-Fresneda; Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; María Romero-González; Philip H. E. Gardiner; Pier L. Solari; Mohamed L. Merroun. Chemical and structural characterization of SeIV biotransformations by Stenotrophomonas bentonitica into Se0 nanostructures and volatiles Se species. Environmental Science: Nano 2020, 7, 2140 -2155.

AMA Style

Miguel A. Ruiz-Fresneda, Abdurrahman S. Eswayah, María Romero-González, Philip H. E. Gardiner, Pier L. Solari, Mohamed L. Merroun. Chemical and structural characterization of SeIV biotransformations by Stenotrophomonas bentonitica into Se0 nanostructures and volatiles Se species. Environmental Science: Nano. 2020; 7 (7):2140-2155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel A. Ruiz-Fresneda; Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; María Romero-González; Philip H. E. Gardiner; Pier L. Solari; Mohamed L. Merroun. 2020. "Chemical and structural characterization of SeIV biotransformations by Stenotrophomonas bentonitica into Se0 nanostructures and volatiles Se species." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 7: 2140-2155.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2019 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment. Two well-characterized strains, Mc . capsulatus (Bath) and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, representing gamma- and alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs, respectively, can convert selenite, an environmental pollutant, to volatile selenium compounds and selenium-containing particulates. Both conversions can be harnessed for the bioremediation of selenium pollution using biological or fossil methane as the feedstock, and these organisms could be used to produce selenium-containing particles for food and biotechnological applications. Using an extensive suite of techniques, we identified precursors of selenium nanoparticle formation and also found that these nanoparticles are made up of eight-membered mixed selenium and sulfur rings.

ACS Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; Nicole Hondow; Andreas C. Scheinost; Mohamed Merroun; Maria Romero-González; Thomas J. Smith; Philip H. E. Gardiner. Methyl Selenol as a Precursor in Selenite Reduction to Se/S Species by Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2019, 85, 1 .

AMA Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah, Nicole Hondow, Andreas C. Scheinost, Mohamed Merroun, Maria Romero-González, Thomas J. Smith, Philip H. E. Gardiner. Methyl Selenol as a Precursor in Selenite Reduction to Se/S Species by Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2019; 85 (22):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; Nicole Hondow; Andreas C. Scheinost; Mohamed Merroun; Maria Romero-González; Thomas J. Smith; Philip H. E. Gardiner. 2019. "Methyl Selenol as a Precursor in Selenite Reduction to Se/S Species by Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, no. 22: 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2018 in Applied Sciences
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In this report, we investigated three stabilization strategies of gold nanoparticles and their practical application for the visual detection of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are generally unstable in high-ionic-strength samples. Au NPs are easily tagged with various proteins and biomolecules rich in amino acids, leading to important biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, cellular imaging, and biosensing. The investigated assays were based on different modes of stabilization, such as the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups, stabilizer peptide, and bifunctionalization. Although all approaches provided highly stable Au NP platforms demonstrated by zeta potential measurements and resistance to aggregation in a high-ionic-strength saline solution, we found that the Au NPs modified with a separate stabilizer ligand provided the highest stability and was the only platform that demonstrated sensitivity to the addition of DPP-IV, whilst PEGylated and peptide-stabilized Au NPs showed no significant response.

ACS Style

Hasan Aldewachi; Nicola Woodroofe; Philip Gardiner. Study of the Stability of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 2589 .

AMA Style

Hasan Aldewachi, Nicola Woodroofe, Philip Gardiner. Study of the Stability of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (12):2589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Aldewachi; Nicola Woodroofe; Philip Gardiner. 2018. "Study of the Stability of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12: 2589.

Journals
Published: 28 November 2017 in Nanoscale
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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide excellent platforms for the development of colorimetric biosensors as they can be easily functionalised, displaying different colours depending on their size, shape and state of aggregation.

ACS Style

H. Aldewachi; T. Chalati; M. N. Woodroofe; N. Bricklebank; B. Sharrack; P. H. Gardiner. Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors. Nanoscale 2017, 10, 18 -33.

AMA Style

H. Aldewachi, T. Chalati, M. N. Woodroofe, N. Bricklebank, B. Sharrack, P. H. Gardiner. Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors. Nanoscale. 2017; 10 (1):18-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Aldewachi; T. Chalati; M. N. Woodroofe; N. Bricklebank; B. Sharrack; P. H. Gardiner. 2017. "Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors." Nanoscale 10, no. 1: 18-33.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Food Chemistry
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The levels of the minerals: Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and the trace elements: Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn were determined in foods for 4-6, 7+ and 10+ months old babies in a brand available on the UK market. The mineral contents in the vegetarian meals for all the age groups were similar, in contrast, when compared to the non-vegetarian options, the Ca, Na and P levels were higher in the former. Both the trace elements and minerals levels in the 4-6months vegetarian meal were the lowest of all the products analysed. The Cu, Se and Zn levels in all the meals were comparable to those in mature human breast milk. Calculations of the following molar ratios: Zn:Cu, Fe:Zn, and Fe:Mn, pairs of elements that have been shown to interaction antagonistically, were higher in the vegetarian meals.

ACS Style

Judith Adikinyi Khamoni; Toby Hamshaw; Philip H.E. Gardiner. Impact of ingredients on the elemental content of baby foods. Food Chemistry 2017, 231, 309 -315.

AMA Style

Judith Adikinyi Khamoni, Toby Hamshaw, Philip H.E. Gardiner. Impact of ingredients on the elemental content of baby foods. Food Chemistry. 2017; 231 ():309-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Judith Adikinyi Khamoni; Toby Hamshaw; Philip H.E. Gardiner. 2017. "Impact of ingredients on the elemental content of baby foods." Food Chemistry 231, no. : 309-315.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Talanta
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Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV also referred to as CD-26) is a serine protease enzyme with remarkable diagnostic and prognostic value in a variety of health and disease conditions. Herein, we describe a simple and real-time colorimetric assay for DPP-IV/CD-26 activity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with the peptide substrates: Gly-Pro-Asp-Cys (GPDC) or Val-Pro-ethylene diamine-Asp-Cys (VP-ED-DC). Cleavage of the substrates by DPP-IV resulted in aggregation of the AuNPs with accompanying color change in the solution from red to blue that was monitored using either a UV-visible spectrophotometer or by the naked eye. Factors, such as time course of the reaction, stability of the functionalized AuNPs and the structure of the substrate that influence the cleavage reaction in solution were investigated. The effects of potential interference from serum proteins (lysozyme, thrombin and trypsin) on the analytical response were negligible. The detection limits when GPDC or VP-EN-DC functionalized AuNPs were used for DPP-IV assay were 1.2U/L and 1.5U/L, respectively. The VP-EN-DC method was preferred for the quantitative determination of DPP-IV activity in serum because of its wide linear range 0-30U/L compared to 0-12U/L for the GPDC assay. Recoveries from serum samples spiked with DPP-IV activity, between 5 and 25U/L, and using the VP-EN-DC modified AuNPs method ranged between 83.6% and 114.9%. The two colorimetric biosensors described here are superior to other conventional methods because of their simplicity, stability, selectivity and reliability.

ACS Style

Hasan Aldewachi; Nicola Woodroofe; Simon Turega; Philip H.E. Gardiner. Optimization of gold nanoparticle-based real-time colorimetric assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. Talanta 2017, 169, 13 -19.

AMA Style

Hasan Aldewachi, Nicola Woodroofe, Simon Turega, Philip H.E. Gardiner. Optimization of gold nanoparticle-based real-time colorimetric assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. Talanta. 2017; 169 ():13-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Aldewachi; Nicola Woodroofe; Simon Turega; Philip H.E. Gardiner. 2017. "Optimization of gold nanoparticle-based real-time colorimetric assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity." Talanta 169, no. : 13-19.

Environmental biotechnology
Published: 23 June 2017 in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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Methane-oxidizing bacteria are well known for their role in the global methane cycle and their potential for microbial transformation of wide range of hydrocarbon and chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution. Recently, it has also emerged that methane-oxidizing bacteria interact with inorganic pollutants in the environment. Here, we report what we believe to be the first study of the interaction of pure strains of methane-oxidizing bacteria with selenite. Results indicate that the commonly used laboratory model strains of methane-oxidizing bacteria, Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, are both able to reduce the toxic selenite (SeO32−) but not selenate (SeO42−) to red spherical nanoparticulate elemental selenium (Se0), which was characterized via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The cultures also produced volatile selenium-containing species, which suggests that both strains may have an additional activity that can transform either Se0 or selenite into volatile methylated forms of selenium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements and experiments with the cell fractions cytoplasm, cell wall and cell membrane show that the nanoparticles are formed mainly on the cell wall. Collectively, these results are promising for the use of methane-oxidizing bacteria for bioremediation or suggest possible uses in the production of selenium nanoparticles for biotechnology.

ACS Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; Thomas J. Smith; Andreas Scheinost; Nicole Hondow; Philip H. E. Gardiner. Microbial transformations of selenite by methane-oxidizing bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2017, 101, 6713 -6724.

AMA Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah, Thomas J. Smith, Andreas Scheinost, Nicole Hondow, Philip H. E. Gardiner. Microbial transformations of selenite by methane-oxidizing bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2017; 101 (17):6713-6724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; Thomas J. Smith; Andreas Scheinost; Nicole Hondow; Philip H. E. Gardiner. 2017. "Microbial transformations of selenite by methane-oxidizing bacteria." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101, no. 17: 6713-6724.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2017 in Toxics
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This study investigates the identity of two unexpected arsenic species found separately in a number of urine samples sent to the Health and Safety Executive’s Health and Safety Laboratory for arsenic speciation (arsenobetaine, AB; arsenite, As3+; arsenate, As5+; monomethylarsonic acid, MMA5+; and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA5+). Micro liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (µLC-ICP-MS) and electrospray time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS) were used to identify the two arsenic peaks by comparison to several characterized arsenicals: arsenocholine, AC; trimethyl arsine oxide, TMAO; dimethylarsenoacetate, DMAA; dimethylarsenoethanol, DMAE; thio-dimethylarsinate, thio-DMA; thio-dimethylarsenoacetate, thio-DMAA and thio-dimethylarsenoethanol, thio-DMAE. The results from both the ICP-MS and ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS investigations indicate that the unexpected arsenic species termed peak 1 was thio-DMA. While the unexpected arsenic species termed peak 2 has yet to be identified, this investigation shows that it was not AC, TMAO, DMAA, DMAE, thio-DMA, thio-DMAA or thio-DMAE. This study demonstrates the incidence of unexpected arsenic species in both routine and non-routine urine samples from both workers and hospital patients.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Leese; Malcolm Clench; Jackie Morton; Philip H.E. Gardiner; Vikki A. Carolan. The Investigation of Unexpected Arsenic Compounds Observed in Routine Biological Monitoring Urinary Speciation Analysis. Toxics 2017, 5, 12 .

AMA Style

Elizabeth Leese, Malcolm Clench, Jackie Morton, Philip H.E. Gardiner, Vikki A. Carolan. The Investigation of Unexpected Arsenic Compounds Observed in Routine Biological Monitoring Urinary Speciation Analysis. Toxics. 2017; 5 (2):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Leese; Malcolm Clench; Jackie Morton; Philip H.E. Gardiner; Vikki A. Carolan. 2017. "The Investigation of Unexpected Arsenic Compounds Observed in Routine Biological Monitoring Urinary Speciation Analysis." Toxics 5, no. 2: 12.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
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The analytical method outlined in this feasibility study has been used to show that trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can be detected and measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. EBC samples and urine samples were collected from a cohort of 58 workers occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium compounds and 22 unexposed volunteers (control group). Levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were determined in EBC samples and total chromium levels were determined in urine samples. Pre and post working week samples for both EBC and urine were collected in tandem. Total chromium in urine samples was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in EBC samples used a hyphenated micro liquid chromatography (μLC) system coupled to an ICP-MS. Separation was achieved using an anion exchange micro-sized column. The results showed that the occupationally exposed workers had significantly higher levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in their EBC samples than the control group, as well as higher levels of total chromium in their urine samples. However, for the exposed workers no significant difference was found between pre and post working week EBC samples for either Cr(III) or Cr(VI). This study has established that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) can simultaneously be detected and measured in 'real' EBC samples and will help in understanding inhalation exposure.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Leese; Jackie Morton; Philip Gardiner; Vikki A. Carolan. The simultaneous detection of trivalent & hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate: A feasibility study comparing workers and controls. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2017, 220, 415 -423.

AMA Style

Elizabeth Leese, Jackie Morton, Philip Gardiner, Vikki A. Carolan. The simultaneous detection of trivalent & hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate: A feasibility study comparing workers and controls. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2017; 220 (2):415-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Leese; Jackie Morton; Philip Gardiner; Vikki A. Carolan. 2017. "The simultaneous detection of trivalent & hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate: A feasibility study comparing workers and controls." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 220, no. 2: 415-423.

Article
Published: 15 August 2016 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Selenium species, particularly the oxyanions selenite (SeO 3 2− ) and selenate (SeO 4 2− ), are significant pollutants in the environment that leach from rocks and are released by anthropogenic activities. Selenium is also an essential micronutrient for organisms across the tree of life, including microorganisms and human beings, particularly because of its presence in the 21st genetically encoded amino acid, selenocysteine. Environmental microorganisms are known to be capable of a range of transformations of selenium species, including reduction, methylation, oxidation, and demethylation. Assimilatory reduction of selenium species is necessary for the synthesis of selenoproteins. Dissimilatory reduction of selenate is known to support the anaerobic respiration of a number of microorganisms, and the dissimilatory reduction of soluble selenate and selenite to nanoparticulate elemental selenium greatly reduces the toxicity and bioavailability of selenium and has a major role in bioremediation and potentially in the production of selenium nanospheres for technological applications. Also, microbial methylation after reduction of Se oxyanions is another potentially effective detoxification process if limitations with low reaction rates and capture of the volatile methylated selenium species can be overcome. This review discusses microbial transformations of different forms of Se in an environmental context, with special emphasis on bioremediation of Se pollution.

ACS Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; Thomas J. Smith; Philip H. E. Gardiner. Microbial Transformations of Selenium Species of Relevance to Bioremediation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2016, 82, 4848 -4859.

AMA Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah, Thomas J. Smith, Philip H. E. Gardiner. Microbial Transformations of Selenium Species of Relevance to Bioremediation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2016; 82 (16):4848-4859.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdurrahman S. Eswayah; Thomas J. Smith; Philip H. E. Gardiner. 2016. "Microbial Transformations of Selenium Species of Relevance to Bioremediation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 16: 4848-4859.

Journals
Published: 08 February 2016 in Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
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A method development study describing the first simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in an exhaled breath condensate sample.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Leese; Vikki A. Carolan; Jackie Morton; Philip H. E. Gardiner. Development of a method for the simultaneous detection of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) in exhaled breath condensate samples using μLC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2016, 31, 924 -933.

AMA Style

Elizabeth Leese, Vikki A. Carolan, Jackie Morton, Philip H. E. Gardiner. Development of a method for the simultaneous detection of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) in exhaled breath condensate samples using μLC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 2016; 31 (4):924-933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Leese; Vikki A. Carolan; Jackie Morton; Philip H. E. Gardiner. 2016. "Development of a method for the simultaneous detection of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) in exhaled breath condensate samples using μLC-ICP-MS." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 4: 924-933.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Journal of Analytical Toxicology
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This study provides background levels for five arsenic species in urine, based on urinary data obtained from 95 nonoccupationally exposed volunteers based in the UK. Using a novel, sensitive, robust and reliable speciation methodology, five species of arsenic (arsenobetaine [AB], arsenite [As3+], arsenate [As5+], monomethylarsonic acid [MMA5+] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA5+]) were determined in urine samples collected from 95 adults. The analytical instrumentation used to analyze the urine samples was a hyphenated micro liquid chromatography (μLC) system coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Separation was achieved using an anion exchange micro-sized column. The results presented give the 95th percentile of concentrations, both uncorrected for creatinine (µg/L) and creatinine corrected (µmol/mol) in urine for the 95 volunteers. Statistical analysis was performed on the dataset using a Bayesian model to determine and quantify effects of gender, smoking and diet. The statistical results show that the consumption of fish, shellfish and red wine has a significant elevating effect on AB, DMA and MMA urinary concentrations; however, no significant effect was observed for smoking. The regression model results indicate that creatinine correction was effective for arsenic species As3+, MMA, DMA and AB. The background levels established here can be used as reference values to help aid interpretation of arsenic speciation results and better assess exposure.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Leese; Jackie Morton; Emma Tan; Philip H.E. Gardiner; Vikki A. Carolan. µLC–ICP-MS Determinations of Unexposed UK Urinary Arsenic Speciation Reference Values. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 2014, 38, 24 -30.

AMA Style

Elizabeth Leese, Jackie Morton, Emma Tan, Philip H.E. Gardiner, Vikki A. Carolan. µLC–ICP-MS Determinations of Unexposed UK Urinary Arsenic Speciation Reference Values. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2014; 38 (1):24-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Leese; Jackie Morton; Emma Tan; Philip H.E. Gardiner; Vikki A. Carolan. 2014. "µLC–ICP-MS Determinations of Unexposed UK Urinary Arsenic Speciation Reference Values." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 38, no. 1: 24-30.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2012 in Applied Soil Ecology
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ACS Style

Alexander A. Kamnev; Anna Tugarova; Petros Tarantilis; Philip Gardiner; Moschos G. Polissiou. Comparing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Azospirillum brasilense strains Sp7 and Sp245: The effects of copper(II). Applied Soil Ecology 2012, 61, 213 -216.

AMA Style

Alexander A. Kamnev, Anna Tugarova, Petros Tarantilis, Philip Gardiner, Moschos G. Polissiou. Comparing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Azospirillum brasilense strains Sp7 and Sp245: The effects of copper(II). Applied Soil Ecology. 2012; 61 ():213-216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander A. Kamnev; Anna Tugarova; Petros Tarantilis; Philip Gardiner; Moschos G. Polissiou. 2012. "Comparing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in Azospirillum brasilense strains Sp7 and Sp245: The effects of copper(II)." Applied Soil Ecology 61, no. : 213-216.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2012 in RSC Advances
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Attachment of cationic groups to the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is an attractive proposition for facilitating mitochondria-targeted therapeutics and diagnostics. With this in mind we have prepared and characterised AuNPs functionalised with phosphonium groups derived from either triarylphosphoniop

ACS Style

Yon Ju-Nam; Yu-Su Chen; Jesus J. Ojeda; David W. Allen; Neil Cross; Philip Gardiner; Neil Bricklebank. Water-soluble gold nanoparticles stabilized with cationic phosphonium thiolate ligands. RSC Advances 2012, 2, 10345 -10351.

AMA Style

Yon Ju-Nam, Yu-Su Chen, Jesus J. Ojeda, David W. Allen, Neil Cross, Philip Gardiner, Neil Bricklebank. Water-soluble gold nanoparticles stabilized with cationic phosphonium thiolate ligands. RSC Advances. 2012; 2 (27):10345-10351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yon Ju-Nam; Yu-Su Chen; Jesus J. Ojeda; David W. Allen; Neil Cross; Philip Gardiner; Neil Bricklebank. 2012. "Water-soluble gold nanoparticles stabilized with cationic phosphonium thiolate ligands." RSC Advances 2, no. 27: 10345-10351.

Research article
Published: 03 December 2009 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Methane-oxidizing bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and are globally important in oxidizing the potent greenhouse gas methane. It is also well recognized that they have wide potential for bioremediation of organic and chlorinated organic pollutants, thanks to the wide substrate ranges of the methane monooxygenase enzymes that they produce. Here we have demonstrated that the well characterized model methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) is able to bioremediate chromium(VI) pollution over a wide range of concentrations (1.4−1000 mg L−1 of Cr6+), thus extending the bioremediation potential of this major group of microorganisms to include an important heavy-metal pollutant. The chromium(VI) reduction reaction was dependent on the availability of reducing equivalents from the growth substrate methane and was partially inhibited by the metabolic poison sodium azide. X-ray spectroscopy showed that the cell-associated chromium was predominantly in the +3 oxidation state and associated with cell- or medium-derived moieties that were most likely phosphate groups. The genome sequence of Mc. capsulatus (Bath) suggests at least five candidate genes for the chromium(VI) reductase activity in this organism.

ACS Style

Abubakr Al Hasin; Stephen J. Gurman; Loretta M. Murphy; Ashlee Perry; Thomas J. Smith; Philip Gardiner. Remediation of Chromium(VI) by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium. Environmental Science & Technology 2009, 44, 400 -405.

AMA Style

Abubakr Al Hasin, Stephen J. Gurman, Loretta M. Murphy, Ashlee Perry, Thomas J. Smith, Philip Gardiner. Remediation of Chromium(VI) by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium. Environmental Science & Technology. 2009; 44 (1):400-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abubakr Al Hasin; Stephen J. Gurman; Loretta M. Murphy; Ashlee Perry; Thomas J. Smith; Philip Gardiner. 2009. "Remediation of Chromium(VI) by a Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 1: 400-405.

Review articles
Published: 01 January 2009 in British Journal of Biomedical Science
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Some of the main biochemical features of selenium have emerged only in the last five years, although it has been known to be an essential element for nearly 40 years. The investigations into selenoproteome gene expression and a better understanding of the selenocysteine synthetic pathway have undoubtedly provided the evidence that underpins the biochemical roles of the element. To date, 25 selenium-containing proteins have been identified in humans but the functions of a number of these have yet to be elucidated. The roles of the selenium-containing enyzmes (glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases and iodothyronine deiodinases) are well established, the first two being linked with antioxidant activity, and the latter involved with thyroid hormone metabolism. Recently, the interaction between sulphur, in the same periodic group and therefore chemically similar, and selenium has been investigated in a bid to understand the role of both elements in disease. There is renewed interest in the anticancer properties of selenium-containing compounds as evidence of their effectiveness in animal models has been demonstrated. Herein, selenium metabolism, gene expression, interaction with sulphur, and role in cancer are reviewed.

ACS Style

D. Taylor; C. Dalton; A. Hall; M.N. Woodroofe; P.H.E. Gardiner. Recent developments in selenium research. British Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 66, 107 -116.

AMA Style

D. Taylor, C. Dalton, A. Hall, M.N. Woodroofe, P.H.E. Gardiner. Recent developments in selenium research. British Journal of Biomedical Science. 2009; 66 (2):107-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Taylor; C. Dalton; A. Hall; M.N. Woodroofe; P.H.E. Gardiner. 2009. "Recent developments in selenium research." British Journal of Biomedical Science 66, no. 2: 107-116.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2008 in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry
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ACS Style

Yon Ju-Nam; David W Allen; Philip H.E. Gardiner; Neil Bricklebank. ω-Thioacetylalkylphosphonium salts: Precursors for the preparation of phosphonium-functionalised gold nanoparticles. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2008, 693, 3504 -3508.

AMA Style

Yon Ju-Nam, David W Allen, Philip H.E. Gardiner, Neil Bricklebank. ω-Thioacetylalkylphosphonium salts: Precursors for the preparation of phosphonium-functionalised gold nanoparticles. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 2008; 693 (23):3504-3508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yon Ju-Nam; David W Allen; Philip H.E. Gardiner; Neil Bricklebank. 2008. "ω-Thioacetylalkylphosphonium salts: Precursors for the preparation of phosphonium-functionalised gold nanoparticles." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 693, no. 23: 3504-3508.