Breast cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, can cause earlier and more sudden menopausal symptoms. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is one of the most bothersome side effects of breast cancer treatment, resulting in sexual dysfunction and impaired quality of life. GSM includes genital, urinary, and sexual symptoms. However, alleviating symptoms of GSM for breast cancer survivors may be challenging due to ineffectiveness, contraindications, and low adherence to treatment. The most recent data show the feasibility and safety of vaginal laser to treat GSM for breast cancer survivors. This narrative review provides the aspects of GSM in breast cancer patients, putting the focus on the efficacy and safety of vaginal laser therapy.

For many years, menopause-related bone loss has been attributed solely to declining estrogen levels. Recently it has been suggested that bone loss accelerates during perimenopause, often preceding declines in estradiol (E₂), proposing that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the levels of which are high during late perimenopause, may play a role in skeletal deterioration independently of E₂. The aim of this narrative review was to present aspects of bone health throughout the menopause transition with a focus on the relationship between FSH and bone-related outcomes. Epidemiological studies evaluating bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were analyzed. Higher FSH levels were associated with reduced BMD, particularly at the spine and hip, as well as enhanced bone remodeling activity. In several longitudinal studies, FSH was found to be a more reliable predictor of bone loss than estrogen. In conclusion, FSH may serve as an early marker of perimenopausal bone health deterioration by identifying women at risk for bone loss and allowing for more personalized prevention strategies; however, further research is needed before its clinical use.

With increasing life expectancy driven by rapid biomedical science advancement, reproductive longevity has become a key concept in women’s health. Preventing reproductive senescence is important not only to extend fertility potential but also to preserve endocrine health, enhance quality of life, and promote healthy aging. The end of ovarian function and fertility is symbolized by menopause, as the most eminent index of reproductive aging. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) remains the mainstay for managing menopausal symptoms. However, as the use of HRT is often limited, there is a need for safe and effective alternatives. This narrative review summarizes current and emerging approaches targeting different stages of reproductive aging. Both hormonal and non-hormonal therapies for vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms are discussed alongside developing fertility preservation techniques, including oocyte vitrification, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, in vitro follicle maturation, and artificial ovary engineering. Furthermore, evolving and experimental ovarian regenerative strategies, such as stem cell transplantation, intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, antioxidants, metabolic modulators, telomerase activators, and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, offer new prospects for delaying or reversing ovarian aging. Overall, personalized regenerative strategies and innovative solutions may reshape the future of women’s reproductive health and longevity.