Ongoing intensification and fragmentation of European agricultural landscapes dramatically reduce biodiversity and associated functions. Enhancing perennial noncrop areas holds great potential to support ecosystem services such as ant‐mediated pest control. To study the potential of newly established grassland strips to enhance ant diversity and associated functions, we used hand collection data and predation experiments to investigate differences in (a) ant community composition and (b) biocontrol‐related functional traits, and (c) natural pest control across habitats in cereal fields, old grasslands, and new grassland transects of three years of age. Ant species diversity was similar between new and old grasslands, but significantly higher in new grasslands than in surrounding cereal fields. Contrary, ant community composition of new grasslands was more similar to cereal fields and distinct from the species pool of old grasslands. The functional trait space covered by the ant communities showed the same distribution between old and new grasslands. Pest control did not differ significantly between habitat types and therefore could not be linked to the prevalence of functional ant traits related to biocontrol services in new grasslands. Our findings not only show trends of convergence between old and new grasslands, but also indicate that enhancing ant diversity through new grasslands takes longer than three years to provide comparable biodiversity and functionality. Synthesis and applications: Newly established grasslands can increase ant species richness and abundance and provide a consistent amount of biocontrol services in agroecosystems. However, three years after their establishment, new grasslands were still dominated by common agrobiont ant species and lacked habitat specialists present in old grasslands, which require a constant supply of food resources and long colony establishment times. New grasslands represent a promising measure for enhancing agricultural landscapes but must be preserved in the longer term to promote biodiversity and resilience of associated ecosystem services.

Climate warming has been observed as the main cause of changes in diversity, community composition, and spatial distribution of different plant and invertebrate species. Due to even stronger warming compared to the global mean, bumblebees in alpine ecosystems are particularly exposed to these changes. To investigate the effects of climate warming, we sampled bumblebees along an elevational gradient, compared the records with data from 1935 and 1936, and related our results to climate models. We found that bumblebee community composition differed significantly between sampling periods and that increasing temperatures in spring were the most plausible factor explaining these range shifts. In addition, species diversity estimates were significantly lower compared to historical records. The number of socio-parasitic species was significantly higher in the historical communities, while recent communities showed increases in climate generalists and forest species at lower elevations. Nevertheless, no significant changes in community-weighted means of a species temperature index (STI) or the number of cold-adapted species were detected, likely due to the historical data resolution. We conclude that the composition and functionality of bumblebee communities in the study area have been significantly affected by climate warming, with changes in land use and vegetation cover likely playing an additional important role.

We tested how morphological traits and species diversity of Pyraloidea moth assemblages vary across an Andean rainforest elevational gradient in Ecuador, and how environmental conditions shape these patterns. We analyzed 4161 individuals representing 212 species from a larger dataset of 10,337 individuals and 749 morpho‐species, using the latter for cross‐validation, and related our findings to ambient temperature and vegetation cover. Our multivariate analysis at 22 sites from 1020 to 2700 m above sea level identified five species assemblage clusters, revealing a near‐linear decrease in species diversity with cooler temperatures. Community‐weighted means (CWMs) of forewing length, indicating body size, increased nearly linearly with dropping temperatures, contrasting with results found for Geometridae moths at the same sites. Forewing aspect ratio (AR) demonstrated a U‐shaped relationship with temperature, while wing loading (WL) followed a hump‐shaped trajectory. Around 2000 m, Pyraloidea assemblages exhibited the lowest AR and highest WL, indicating morphological adaptations to dense forests, in contrast to both the more open forests near the treeline and the tall rainforest found at lower elevations. Subfamily‐level analyses revealed variable patterns: Acentropinae, with strictly aquatic larvae, showed larger sizes at cooler elevations but less wing shape variation, likely reflecting limited forest dependence on maneuverability. Musotiminae, with a larval diet of diverse ferns, exhibited wing morphologies more related to canopy openness than temperature, indicating adaptations to navigating different fern habitats along the gradient. Our observations reveal complex insect–environment interactions that challenge the applicability of just one common theoretical framework for explaining temperature–size relationships among different moth clades.

Coral reefs provide habitat for approximately 25% of all extant marine species, including 845 species of scleractinian corals. These rich ecosystems are becoming increasingly degraded in many regions by a range of anthropogenic factors, including recurrent bleaching episodes associated with rising sea surface temperatures. Within the northern Red Sea, coral reef communities appear to be faring relatively better than global trends and continue to exhibit remarkable diversity and thermal tolerance. However, recent reports of coral bleaching in the region highlight the urgent need for comprehensive ecological surveys to provide a baseline for long-term monitoring of biodiversity and potential species loss. This field report aims to support the tracking of diversity and growth form distributions of scleractinian corals at two reef sites at Mangrove Bay, El Qoseir, Egypt. Over time, it is our hope that such reports will contribute to broader databases and analyses focused on the biodiversity of reef-building coral species in the northern Red Sea. This study presents the first comprehensive checklist of scleractinian coral species (Scleractinia Bourne, 1900) in Mangrove Bay, El Qoseir, Egypt. As a result of our 2023 field survey, we identified a total of 68 species across 29 genera and 14 families, spanning six reef habitats — three per study site — at two study locations (sheltered and current-exposed), with depths ranging from 0 to 9.5 m. We found that both scleractinian coral diversity and coral growth forms varied amongst the six habitats. Branching corals were found in each habitat, but were particularly abundant at the current-exposed reef edge, where they covered 67% of the habitat. Encrusting and massive corals became more prevalent with increasing depth at both study sites, with massive corals covering 72% at the sheltered deeper reef slope and encrusting corals covering 24% at the current-exposed deeper reef slope. Species of the genus Porites dominated the sheltered site at all depths and the deeper reef slope at the current-exposed site, while Pocillopora verrucosa was most abundant at the exposed site’s reef edge and shallow slope. We provide photographs confirming these new records and access to the raw data on the abundance, distribution and conservation status of these taxa. Forty-three percent of the scleractinian species are classified as "Least Concern," but six are identified as "Vulnerable" (9%). Reef cover analyses revealed algae as the dominant group in most habitats, while scleractinian coral cover ranged between approximately 17% at the current-exposed reef edge and almost 35% at the current-exposed shallow reef slope. Millepora contributed the most at the exposed reef edge with nearly 28% cover, but was scarce elsewhere; soft corals exhibited their highest abundance on the deeper slope. Our observations serve as a critical baseline for future research and conservation efforts at Mangrove Bay by presenting an initial inventory of the local scleractinian communities and emphasise the importance of detailed species data in understanding and preserving coral reef ecosystems.

Aim: To quantify how interacting regional anthropogenic pressures and climate warming have driven long‐term changes in wild bee community composition and diversity. Location: Eight sites within a 300 km ² region around Linz, Upper Austria (266–616 m a.s.l.). Methods: We analysed 11,934 museum and contemporary occurrences (out of a larger dataset of 17,515 records) of 340 wild bee species collected between 1910 and 2021. Temporal presence–absence data (in six 15‐year intervals) were linked to interval‐averaged temperature, precipitation and human population density (proxy for anthropogenic impact) as well as sampling effort (total number of sampling events). We fitted a single binomial generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) with species and site as random effects and species category (Intermittent, Disappearing, Appearing) interacting with environmental predictors. Post hoc trend comparisons and trait‐based analyses further elucidated group‐specific responses. Results: Community turnover drove an ~18% decline in species richness over the observation period. Disappearing specialists declined under rising human impact and warming. Intermittent species were favoured by wetter and warmer intervals but negatively affected by higher human densities. Appearing generalists expanded under warming and anthropogenic pressures with no precipitation response. Omnipresent generalists remained consistently present irrespective of environmental variation, underscoring their broad tolerance but contributing to functional homogenisation. Sampling effort improved detection but did not alter these ecological patterns. Main Conclusions: Compounded anthropogenic pressures and climate warming drive specialist losses and generalist expansions, while precipitation buffers only intermittent species. Omnipresent generalists sustain baseline pollination, but community shifts toward generalists homogenise functional diversity and undermine ecosystem‐level pollination resilience. Conservation must address multiple drivers—protecting specialist habitats, maintaining connectivity as well as climate‐ and precipitation‐sensitive refugia—to preserve functional diversity and pollination services under ongoing global change.