BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Assessing temporal trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hypertension could provide information for public health policies and plans. METHODS: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, a probability sample of adults aged ≥20 years was collected. The primary outcomes were classified according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin. Trend tests were performed to assess age-standardized prevalence trends of CKD, albuminuria, and macroalbuminuria in US adults with hypertension. RESULTS: A total of 23 120 US adults with hypertension were included in this study. The prevalence of any CKD, albuminuria, or macroalbuminuria in hypertension remained relatively stable. However, the age-standardized prevalence of stage 1 CKD in hypertension increased from 4.9% in 2003 to 2006 to 7.0% in 2015 to 2018 ( P =0.0077 for trend). The age-standardized prevalence of stage 3b CKD in hypertension decreased from 2.9% in 2011 to 2014 to 2.1% in 2015 to 2018 ( P =0.0350 for trend). A similar trend was observed for the age-standardized prevalence of stages 3 to 5 CKD in hypertension, which declined from 10.9% in 2011 to 2014 to 8.9% in 2015 to 2018 ( P =0.0160 for trend). CONCLUSIONS: Among US adults with hypertension, the prevalence of any CKD, albuminuria, and macroalbuminuria remained relatively stable from 1999 to 2018, whereas the hypertensive population showed an increasing trend in stage 1 CKD from 2003 to 2006 to 2015 to 2018 and a decreasing trend in the prevalence of stages 3 to 5 and 3b CKD from 2011 to 2014 to 2015 to 2018.

Background: Autophagy is intimately associated with the development of cardiomyopathy and has received widespread attention in recent years. However, no relevant bibliometric analysis is reported at present. In order to summarize the research status of autophagy in cardiomyopathy and provide direction for future research, we conducted a comprehensive, detailed, and multidimensional bibliometric analysis of the literature published in this field from 2004 to 2023. Methods: All literatures related to autophagy in cardiomyopathy from 2004 to 2023 was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection, and annual papers, global publication trends, and proportion charts were analyzed and plotted using GraphPad price v8.0.2. In addition, CtieSpace [6.2.4R (64-bit) Advanced Edition] and VOSviewer (1.6.18 Edition) were used to analyze and visualize these data. Results: Two thousand two hundred seventy-nine papers about autophagy in cardiomyopathy were accessed in the Web of Science Core Collection over the last 20 years, comprising literatures from 70 countries and regions, 2208 institutions, and 10 810 authors. China contributes 56.32% of the total publications, substantially surpassing other countries, while the United States is ranked first in frequency of citations. Among the top 10 authors, six are from China, and four are from the United States. Air Force Military Medical University was the institution with the highest number of publications, while the Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (62 articles, 2.71% of the total) was the journal with the highest number of papers published in the field. Clustering of co-cited references and temporal clustering analysis showed that ferroptosis, hydrogen sulfide mitophagy, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and SIRT1 are hot topics and trends in the field. The principal keywords are oxidative stress, heart, and heart failure. Conclusion: The research on autophagy in cardiomyopathy is in the developmental stage. This represents the first bibliometric analysis of autophagy in cardiomyopathy, revealing the current research hotspots and future research directions in this field.

Background: Several studies have shown that serum copper levels are related to coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. However, the association of serum copper levels with all-cause, cause-specific [including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer] mortality remains unclear.Objectives: This study aimed to prospectively examine the association of copper exposure with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality among US adults.Methods: The data for this analysis was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. Mortality from all-causes, CVD, and cancer mortality was linked to US National Death Index mortality data. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between serum copper levels and all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality.Results: A total of 2,863 adults were included in the main study. During the mean follow-up time of 81.2 months, 236 deaths were documented, including 68 deaths from cardiovascular disease and 57 deaths from cancer. The weighted mean overall serum copper levels was 117.2 ug/L. After adjusting for all of the covariates, compared with participants with low (1st tertile, 0.05).Conclusions: This prospective study found that serum copper concentrations were linearly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in US adults. High serum copper levels is a risk factor for all-cause and CVD mortality.

Background: Gut microbiota is strongly associated with hypertension. The Dietary Index of Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed indicator of the diversity of gut microbiota in the diet. However, the relationship between DI-GM and hypertension is unclear. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2020). Dietary data were used to calculate DI-GM and grouped into three tertile groups. Survey logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyse the association between DI-GM and hypertension. Results: A total of 20 804 participants (age ≥20 years) were enrolled in the study. After adjusting for all covariates, the ORs for hypertension in the medium DI-GM group (second quartile, 4–5) and high DI-GM group (third quartile, >5) were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.99) compared with the low DI-GM group (first quartile, <4). Additionally, results from the RCS analysis indicated a linear association between DI-GM and hypertension (p value for non-linearity=0.57). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher DI-GM dietary patterns are associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension in a representative sample of US adults. These results suggest that dietary patterns characterised by a higher DI-GM may represent a potential strategy for the prevention of hypertension.

Background: The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, but the relationship with blood pressure (BP) remains unclear.Objectives: To assess the association between HCV infection status and BP in US adults.Methods: Data for the study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2012. The association of HCV infection status (including HCV infection, current HCV infection, and past HCV infection) with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were explored using logistic or linear regression analyses respectively.Results: A total of 25,850 participants (age≥18 years) were enrolled in the current study, including 14,162 participants with hypertension. After adjusting for all covariates, HCV infection/current HCV infection was not associated with hypertension and SBP compared to participants with non-HCV infection (OR: 1.34,95% CI 0.96–1.87/1.31 95% CI 0.91,1.91, β: -0.92, 95% CI -2.7–0.86/-0.35 95% CI -2.51,1.81, respectively). HCV infection/current HCV infection was only associated with elevated DBP (β: 4.1,95% CI 2.57–5.63/4.24,95% CI 2.27–6.21). However, there was no correlation with past HCV infection in participants with hypertension, SBP, and DBP compared to those with non-HCV infection (OR: 1.23,95% CI 0.59–2.54; β: -3.79, 95% CI -7.67–0.08 and 2.28 95% CI -0.36–4.92, respectively).Conclusion: In a representative sample of US adults, it was found that both HCV infection and current HCV infection were independently linked to higher DBP. However, there was no association between past HCV infection and DBP.

Background: Increased arterial stiffness is an important marker of target organ damage in hypertension. Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) is a noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness based on blood pressure and age calculations, but its association with albuminuria, an early indicator of renal function impairment, still needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of ePWV with albuminuria and its dose–response properties in hypertensive patients.Methods: Hypertensive patients who attended the cardiology department of Ganzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China from July 2024 to April 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. ePWV was calculated from systolic and diastolic blood pressure and age. Albuminuria was detected using a dipstick test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between ePWV and albuminuria, and dose–response relationship was assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS).Results: A total of 761 hypertensive patients were included in the final analysis. The rate of positive albuminuria was 19.6%. High ePWV group (≥10.74 m/s) was associated with albuminuria compared to low ePWV group (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.18–6.71). And for per 1-m/s increase in ePWV, the risk of ePWV association with albuminuria increased by 42% (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.14–1.78). RCS analysis showed a linear dose–response relationship between ePWV and albuminuria (p non-linear >0.05).Conclusion: ePWV was independently associated with albuminuria in hypertensive patients with a linear dose–response relationship, suggesting that arterial stiffness may be a measurable risk factor for early renal injury, and that ePWV may serve as a simple tool for primary renal function assessment.