Introduction: The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate the meaning of seaport concepts with different vision, than to examine the characteristics of transport services which are related to the seaport services and their users. Concepts: The study shows that seaport concept is in evolution over time and also, is a relative concept which is changing among the world process shifting and development. Conclusion: The study proves that the transport services have distinctive characteristics. In addition, seaport considered several services for different users. Therefore, its customers are commonly the chargers and ship-owners.

The integration of automation within supply chains (SC) and manufacturing has been propelled by technological advancements, with hyperautomation emerging as a transformative paradigm. This paradigm combines artificial intelligence (AI), robotic process automation (RPA), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance operational efficiency. Despite its growing relevance, hyperautomation remains unexplored. Thus, this chapter examines hyperautomation through a theoretical framework, analyzing scholarly articles, industry reports, and relevant publications. It presents an understanding of hyperautomation as a pivotal technology for future SC and manufacturing systems. The findings clarify its core principles, operational workflows, and underlying mechanisms, highlighting its capacity to redefine business processes, SCM, production, and logistics. By synthesizing diverse perspectives, this study seeks to address the current knowledge gap, offering theoretical insights that advance scholarly discourse and inform future developments in SC and manufacturing automation.

This study provides a theoretical background on container port logistics in global supply chains. A descriptive analysis including a literature review was carried out in order to achieve the study. This study shows that the container port logistics chain involves all levels of organizational units throughout the supply chain. Therefore, it ensures coordination and exchanges in terms of physical flows, financial flows and informational flow in such a way that the goods are handled and distributed in the right kind. In addition, the analysis finds that the logistics chain required to be evolved with the international changes of maritime transport in order to keep the competitive of seaport. Thus, there is a need to optimize all seaport activities to attain the benefits of the logistics chain. Moreover, this study contributes to the field by exploring the container port logistics integration concept. One of the important findings of this study is that the port is central to logistics — the multidimensional system with a complex activities. Consequently, the findings are relevant to all actors such as transport companies and logistics service providers.

Many countries in the world competed to integrate technology in all sectors, and some of them were able to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in this area. However, African countries face several challenges in the field of digitalization. This article aims to study the results of these difficulties that appeared clearly during the COVID-19 crisis. The study used a SWOT analysis to highlight the status of the digital transformation in Africa. The results recommend that the countries need to integrate the digital innovation into the systems of work, education, healthcare, and environment. Also, it proved that these challenges, especially those related to the digital integration, represents a great obstacle to achieve the goals of sustainable development.

Studying current trends and opportunities in geospatial technologies for Smart cities helps city planners and administrators understand technology advancements and aids in better implementation practice. Similarly, understanding future research directions enables researchers and policymakers to harness these technologies fully and anticipate upcoming developments. Overall, this approach supports the creation of more livable, sustainable, and equitable cities for all. This chapter explores the current trends, emerging opportunities, and future research directions. Geospatial AI is supported by several cutting-edge technologies such as IoT, digital twins, and 3D/4D urban modeling. Future geospatial research should use advanced AI models, real-time analytics, and privacy-preserving technologies. Understanding the technologies' ethical and inclusive implementation is essential to support long-term urban sustainability and citizen well-being. Such Smart cities can ensure more sustainable, resilient, and equitable urban environments for future generations.

This paper studied the evolution of container traffic in the global world and its impacts on the seaports Maghreb region (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco).