Although there have been many studies on the relationship between ambient air pollution and cognitive functioning in developed countries, there are no studies focusing on the interaction between ambient air pollution and social activities. This study aims to examine interactive effects of ambient air pollution and social activities on cognitive function in Chinese middle-aged and older. This study used nationally representative longitudinal survey data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2013, 2015 and 2018. The study explored the additive interaction effects of air pollutants and social activities on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults by constructing mixed linear regression analyses containing interaction terms, as well as constructing additive interaction analyses with dummy variables containing four unordered categories that were partitioned according to median. In addition, the study further explored the interaction between air pollution and different types of social activities through an interaction term between air pollution and different types of social activities. In the model fully adjusted for covariates such as age, sex, region, we found significant coefficients on the interaction term between PM2.5, O3 and social activities on cognitive function (PM2.5, β = -0.018, 95%CI: -0.029, -0.006; O3, β = 0.017, 95%CI: 0.007, 0.027). In the interaction analysis by constructing dummy variables, we found a significant antagonistic effect between PM2.5 and social activities (SI = 0.730, 95%CI: 0.674, 0.785), a possible antagonistic effect between NO2 and social activities (SI = 0.697, 95%CI: 0.648, 0.747), and a possible synergistic effect between O3 and social activities (SI = 1.769, 95%CI: 0.648, 0.747). In addition, the study found significant interactions between simple interaction, leisure and recreational, and intellectual participation social activities and air pollution. Our study demonstrated an antagonistic effect of PM2.5 and social activities on cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous environmental pollutant present in soil, water, and food. Accumulation of Cd in organisms can cause systematic injury and damage to the kidney. The Masson pine pollen aqueous extract (MPPAE) has attracted increasing attention due to its antioxidant activity and ability to enhance immunity.Methods: In this study, we investigated the potential of MPPAE to protect against Cd-induced kidney damage in rats and the underlying mechanism. The transcriptome and metabolome of rats with Cd-induced kidney damage, following treatment with MPPAE, were explored.Results: The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were both significantly altered after treatment with MPPAE. Furthermore, sequencing and analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of rats with Cd-induced kidney damage, following treatment with MPPAE, revealed differential expression of numerous genes and metabolites compared with the untreated control rats. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) included detoxification-related genes such as cytochrome P450 and the transporter. The differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) included 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, L-ascorbate, and ciliatine. Conjoint transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that several DEGs were correlated with DEMs.Conclusion: These preliminary findings indicate the potential of MPPAE for the treatment of toxic metal poisoning.

There are limited studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases in China. This study aims to examine the short-term effects of PM_2.5 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A combination of Poisson-distribution generalized linear model and distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and incident cases of CVD. The results revealed that per 10 µg/m³ increment of PM_2.5 would increase the incident CVD cases by 0.147% (Relative Risk: 1.00147, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.00008–1.00286) at a lag of 2 days. The stratified analyses showed higher effects risk in females, older residents (aged 60–75 years), and acute myocardial infarction group (p-value for difference <0.05). This study indicates that short-term exposure to PM_2.5 may increase the risk of CVD and highlights the necessity for a higher air quality standard in Yantai, China.