In this study, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), electronic nose (E-nose), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electronic tongue (E-tongue) to analyze the effect of ultra-high pressure (UHP) synergistic enzymatic hydrolysis on the flavor compounds of enzymatic hydrolysates of S. rugoso-annulata. The results demonstrated that 38 volatile flavor substances were identified in the enzymatic hydrolysates of S. rugoso-annulata treated at atmospheric pressure and 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 MPa, mainly 6 esters, 4 aldehydes, 10 alcohols, 5 acids, and 13 other volatile flavor substances, and the most kinds of flavor substances reached 32 kinds when the pressure was 400 MPa. E-nose can effectively distinguish the overall changes of enzymatic hydrolysates of S. rugoso-annulata treated with atmospheric pressure and different pressures. There was 1.09 times more umami amino acids in the enzymatic hydrolysates at 400 MPa than in the atmospheric pressure enzymatic hydrolysates and 1.11 times more sweet amino acids at 500 MPa than in the atmospheric pressure enzymatic hydrolysates. The results of the E-tongue indicate that the UHP treatment increased umami and sweetness and reduced bitterness, which was also confirmed by the results of amino acid and 5′-nucleotide analysis. In conclusion, the UHP synergistic enzymatic hydrolysis can effectively improve the overall flavor of the enzymatic hydrolysates of S. rugoso-annulata; this study also lays the theoretical foundation for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of S. rugoso-annulata.

This review is a detailed analysis of the results of the experimental studies carried out by scientists from different countries and devoted to the practical application of dihydroquercetin in food products. The main attention is paid to the antioxidant and functional properties of the bioflavonoid in the composition of milk and dairy products. Currently, dihydroquercetin is considered the most powerful natural antioxidant, which use prolongs the shelf-life of products and has a beneficial effect on the human body. Although much time has passed since dihydroquercetin discovery by Russian scientists, today a significant part of research of the bioflavonoid is focused on the pharmaceutical sphere, while its use in the food industry is at the initial stage of the development. In the article, studies carried out by Russian, Chinese, Japanese, European, American and other foreign authors are systemized, which allowed describing quite thoroughly trends in the use of dihydroquercetin in the global industry. Having focused on the influence of the antioxidant on the characteristics of dairy products, scientists found that it increases the stability of acidity and pH, inhibits the development of the pathogenic microflora, favorably affects taste and aroma. Prospect directions for its use have been revealed, and directions for further research of the use of this antioxidant in the dairy industry have been identified. It is concluded that the addition of dihydroquercetin into a recipe will allow obtaining new functional (parapharmaceutical) food products with the antioxidant stability to prevent socially significant diseases and improve the health of the population.