This study investigates the moderating effect of financial development on the renewable energy–CO₂ emissions nexus in OECD countries. We find that both composite financial development and banking sector development have an inverted U-shaped impact on CO₂ emissions, while stock market development has a U-shaped impact on CO₂ emissions. Further, an increase in renewable energy will reduce CO₂ emissions, and this reducing impact is affected by different levels of financial development. When promoting financial development, policymakers should pay more attention to its role in enhancing renewable energy, which is related to emissions reduction.

This study explores the nonlinear impact of globalization on inbound tourism over the period 1995–2014 for 53 countries. The results reveal a nonlinear relationship between globalization and inbound tourism, suggesting that different levels of globalization for countries have varied impacts on inbound tourism development. More globalized countries are able to draw more inbound tourists, but this does not enhance their international tourism receipts (percentage of GDP) and net tourism service exports under a higher level of globalization, indicating that globalization does not necessarily benefit inbound tourism development. JEL classifications C23, C26, F60, L83, Z32