Much research found that economic inequality—the dispersion of incomes distribution among individuals in a society—affects subjective well‐being (SWB). As a meta‐analysis has shown, the association between economic inequality, commonly measured by the Gini index, and individuals' SWB is weak and not significant. Psychosocial research suggests that the situational perception, rather than objective reality, has a greater impact on individuals. Our aim was to investigate whether and how objective and subjective measures of economic inequality affect the subjective individuals' well‐being, both in its affective and cognitive components. A representative Italian sample (N = 1446, 51% women; average age = 42.42 years, SD = 12.87) answered an online survey. Multilevel regressions detected a negative and significant effect of the inequality perception on well‐being. In contrast, the Gini index showed no effect. Two psychological mechanisms explain the association between perceived inequality and well‐being: Perceived anger toward inequality and individuals' economic vulnerability. The parallel mediation models showed that the effect of perceived inequality is conveyed by cognitive (economic vulnerability) and emotional (anger) processing of inequality. Findings also highlighted the role of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background: This study aimed to identify clusters of long COVID-19 symptoms using latent class analysis and investigate the psychological factors involved in the onset of this syndrome. Method: Five hundred and six subjects recovering from COVID-19 completed a series of standardized questionnaires to evaluate the personality traits, alexithymia, and post-traumatic stress. Results: Five classes were identified: Brain fog (31.82%), No symptoms (20.95%), Sensory disorders (18.77%), Breath impairment (17.59%), and Multiple disorders (10.87%). Women reported post-COVID-19 respiratory symptoms and multiple disorders to a greater extent than men. Hospitalized subjects were more likely to report persistent symptoms after COVID-19 than asymptomatic or home-treated subjects. Antagonism, hyperarousal, and difficulty identifying emotions significantly predicted post COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions: These findings open new questions for research on long COVID-19 and how states of emotional dysregulation can alter the physiological processes of the body and contribute to the onset of organic pathologies.

The previous research attempts to reduce the influence of the belief bias on deductive thinking have often been unsuccessful and, when they succeeded, they failed to replicate. In this paper, we propose a new way to see an old problem. Instead of considering the analytical abilities of the respondent, we focus on the communicative characteristics of the experimental task. By changing the pragmatics into play through a subtle manipulation of the instruction of the syllogism problem, we obtained a strong improvement in the accuracy of the performance in both untrained and trained in logic respondents. We suggest that current models of deductive thinking should be broadened to consider also communicative understanding as part of the processing of the problem.

Enhancing transparency in scientific reports is crucial to foster trust, facilitate reproducibility, and ensure the integrity of research, ultimately advancing the progress of knowledge and innovation. To devise strategies for enhancing transparency in scientific reports, the initial step is to assess the current state: to objectively measure the current level of transparency, identifying its shortcomings and associated factors, and to gauge improvements, for instance, following interventions. Here we present a new tool and a proof of concept to this endeavor. Using a checklist, we evaluated the methods transparency of a corpus of 180 papers published in 2011 and 2021 in five top-tier psychology journals. We specifically focused on the materials, procedures, and characteristics of population and sample. We summarized the level of transparency in the methods of each paper with the Transparency Of Methods (TOM) score. This score consists of the proportion of relevant information regarding the method that is available to the reader of a scientific report, either in the main text of the paper, or the appendixes, supplementary materials, and online open repository. It ranges from 0 (i.e., no transparency in the relevant aspects of the methods and materials) to 1 (i.e., the scientific report is fully transparent in all the relevant materials and methods). The results affirm TOM’s potential for assessing the transparency of scientific reporting and offer two snapshots of transparency in the methods of published papers, a decade apart. While they indicate progress has been made, there remains room for further enhancements and highlight specific areas that require attention. In conclusion, this work underscores the ongoing need for improvement in methods’ transparency and introduces a valuable tool, demonstrating its applicability as a means to evaluate the transparency of scientific reports.

The Test of Mobile Phone Dependence (TMD) is a questionnaire designed for appraising the main dimensions of problematic smartphone use in adolescence. This study evaluates the factor structure and psychometric properties of the TMD on a sample of 813 Italian middle and high school students. The original three-factor model (Abstinence, Lack of Control, and Tolerance) of the TMD was tested through a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results of the goodness of fit indices indicated a satisfactory solution. The overall TMD score showed a good level of internal consistency and good construct validity with the duration of use, age of possession of the first mobile phone, perceived self-efficacy, gender, and participants’ age. The relationship between TMD and Nomophobia was also explored. Overall, the results indicate that the TMD is a valid and reliable assessment tool in Italian culture. However, reliability issues emerged on the subfactor Lack of Control. This indicates that the scores on this subfactor should be treated with caution.