Background: Periacinar retraction clefts represent a histopathological criterion supporting the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The origin of these clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Exploring the established functions of E-cadherin and β-catenin as intercellular adhesion proteins, and aiming to elucidate the origin of periacinar retraction clefting, we conducted a correlation study between the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin and the presence of periacinar retraction clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: We examined 53 cases of morphologically diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma, assessing both the neoplastic and adjacent nonneoplastic prostatic tissues for the existence and degree of periacinar retraction clefts. Additionally, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins in prostatic tissue and explored their correlation with periacinar retraction clefts, and Gleason score, Grade Group, preoperative serum prostate specific-antigen (sPSA) levels, surgical margin status, and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results: Our study confirms that periacinar retraction clefting is significantly more extensive in prostatic adenocarcinoma than in nonneoplastic prostatic tissue (p < 0.001). We report a decreased expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin immunostaining in prostatic adenocarcinoma and a negative correlation with Gleason score and Grade Group. Periacinar retraction clefting positively correlated with E-cadherin and β-catenin ((rho = 0.350; p = 0.010) and (rho = 0.340; p = 0.012)) immunostaining in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Periacinar retraction clefts stand out as a dependable criterion in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins are potential markers indicative of tumor progression and invasiveness in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Our discovery of a positive correlation between immunostaining of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins and periacinar retraction clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma aligns with the notion that periacinar retraction clefting is more characteristic of Gleason Grade3 pattern in prostatic adenocarcinomas, whereas the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin shows a decrease with increasing histopathological tumor grade.

Background and Aim: Indeterminate thyroid cytology, specifically category III atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), poses a diagnostic challenge and affects patient management. Methods: A retrospective review of cases reported as AUS/FLUS was conducted using the institutional thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) registry (2013–2022). Proportions were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Direct registry correlation and a larger all-operated sensitivity denominator were examined to capture real-world outcomes. Results: AUS/FLUS comprised 243 out of 1,872 FNAs (13.0%; 95% CI: 11.5–14.6). Of these, 186 patients (76.5%; 95% CI: 70.8–81.4) underwent surgery. Histologic follow-up identified 57 malignancies, resulting in a malignancy rate of 41.9% (95% CI: 34.0–50.3) among definitively linked cytology–histology cases ( n = 136), and a more conservative estimate of 30.6% (95% CI: 24.5–37.6) when considering all operated cases ( n = 186). Conclusion: In a tertiary-care setting without routine molecular testing, AUS/FLUS was prevalent and often led to surgical intervention. The malignancy reported rate was clinically significant but varied according to the denominator applied, highlighting the impact of verification and linkage effects and the necessity for clear counseling and ultrasound-informed follow-up strategies.

Background: This study examined university students’ awareness, interest, and willingness to have cancer genetic testing to guide future prevention and implementation efforts. Material and methods: A cross-sectional online survey included 446 university students in Kosovo. The study assessed awareness of cancer-related genetic testing, interest in learning about actionable inherited cancer risk factors, and willingness to undergo testing. Associations with sociodemographic variables were examined using chi-square tests. Results: The participants showed moderate awareness of cancer genetic testing. Students at private universities were more aware than those at public universities (62.2% vs. 44.6%; p=0.001). Most students (87.7%) were interested in learning about inherited cancer risks, with women showing more interest than men (p=0.013). Willingness to be tested under ideal conditions was also high (87.5%). There were no significant links between outcomes and age, residence, income, household size, health insurance, having a family doctor, or perceived cancer risk. Conclusions: Although awareness was moderate, university students showed high interest and strong willingness to have hereditary cancer genetic testing, suggesting significant unmet demand. These results highlight the need for targeted education, more genetic counseling, clear referral systems, and better clinical infrastructure to include cancer genetic services in national prevention and early detection plans, with a focus on fair access.