Foreign body (FB) aspiration into the airway is lees common in adults than children. Nevertheless its incidence does not decrease through time. We present clinical relevant aspects of airway FBs on the basis of a selective review of pertinent literature retrieved by a search in the PubMed database. The most common aspirated FBs by adults are organics, especially fragments of bones and seeds. Symptoms usually are cough, chocking and dyspnea. Right localization, especially bronchus intermedius and right lower lobe, is more frequent. Chest radiography can be normal in up to 20% of the cases and FBs can be detected in 26% of the patients. FBs can safely remove in the majority of patients under flexible bronchoscopy. Surgical treatment must be reserved for cases in which bronchoscope fails or there are irreversible bronchial or lung complications.

Background: To evaluate the relationship between the plasmatic CD63 and CAV1 positive exosome levels, in patients with OSCC before and after surgical treatment and to correlate it with their overall survival. Methods: A double-blind pilot study over 10 patients OSCC and T4 stage without distant metastases or local bone invasion has been performed. The average follow-up period was 37.64 months (34.3–40.84). We obtained 2 plasma tubes of 1 mL each before surgery and 7 days after surgery. Before performing the immunocapture-based analysis, EVs (Extracellular Vesicles) were isolated from the plasma and characterized with western blot analysis. Results: Mean values of CD63 positive plasmatic exosomes (EXO-CD63) after surgery decreased from 750.88 ± 286.67 to 541.71 ± 244.93 (p = 0.091). On the other hand, CAV-1 positive plasmatic exosomes (EXO-CAV-1) increased after surgery from 507 ± 483.39 to 1120.25 ± 1151.17 (p = 0.237). Patients with EXO-CD63 levels lower than the mean global value before the surgery had a survival of 36.04 months compared with the group with EXO-CD63 higher than the average who only survived 12.49 ± 1.67 months from the diagnosis, p = 0.225. When EXO-CAV-1 levels before surgery was lower than the average (813.94 ± 801.21) overall survival was 24.69 ± 22.23 months in contrast when it was higher that was only 11.64 months, p = 0.157. Patients with lower EXO-CD63 levels after surgery lived an average of 23.84 ± 23.9 months, while those with higher plasmatic levels of EXO-CD63 live 13.35 months, p = 0.808. When EXO-CAV-1 levels after surgery were lower, the average overall survival was 20.344 ± 15.40 months, in contrast when the EXO-CAV-1 levels were higher showing rather an estimate survival expectation of 1.64 months. Conclusions: Surgical treatment induced a dramatic reduction of the plasmatic levels of exosomes expressing CD63 as early as 1 week after resection. This first result suggests that the tumour mass is responsible of the high levels of circulating exosomes detected in cancer patients. At the same time point exosome expressing CAV-1 increased, possibly due to the inflammatory reaction immediately after surgery. Lastly, statistical analysis showed that lower levels of plasmatic exosomes both before and after surgery correlated with a better life expectancy of OSCC patients. Hopefully, this approach will prove useful in the clinical follow-up of cancer patients.

Although uncommon, anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth (mesiodentes) are the most frequent supernumerary teeth. The etiology of this dental anomaly remains unclear. There probably exists a familial disposition. This paper will try to underline the importance of genetics as a key factor in the development of supernumerary teeth.

Background: Plaque control is the main method for preventing periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse is widely recognized as helping to maintain plaque control. Most of these mouthrinses contain alcohol, making them impractical for many patients, including those with oral mucosal hypersensitivity. Mouthrinses without alcohol might cause fewer side effects, but also be less efficient. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse without alcohol against one with 11% ethanol and a placebo.Methods: This a double‐blind, parallel group study with 96 patients who tested 3 mouthrinses containing 1) chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12% sodium fluoride 0.05%, and ethanol 11% (group 1; CHX‐A); 2) the same solution without alcohol (group 2; CHX‐NA); and a placebo (group 3; P). Plaque and bleeding indexes were recorded in all patients prior to treatment and at 14 and 28 days.Results: There were significant differences in plaque, gingivitis, and papilla bleeding indexes in both chlorhexidine rinses compared to placebo, but no differences between the 2 CHX products.Conclusions: In this study, the alcohol‐free rinse was as effective as one containing alcohol in controlling plaque and reducing gingival inflammation. Therefore, it would seem that its use can be recommended in all patients, but especially in patients for whom the use of alcohol is contraindicated. J Periodontol 2002;73:317‐321.