In recent years, many efforts have been made to develop advanced metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials with exotic magnetic properties for modern applications w.r.t traditional analogues. Dilute magnetic semiconductor oxides (DMSOs) are promising candidates for superior control over the charge and spin degrees of freedom. DMSOs are transparent, wide band gap materials with induced ferromagnetism in doping, with a minor percentage of magnetic 3d cation to create a long-range antiferromagnetic order. Although significant efforts have been carried out to achieve DMSO with ferromagnetic properties above room temperature, it is a great challenge that still exists. However, TiO₂, SnO₂, ZnO and In₂O₃ with wide band gaps of 3.2, 3.6, 3.2 and 2.92 eV, respectively, can host a broad range of dopants to generate various compositions. Interestingly, a reduction in the size of these binary oxides can induce ferromagnetism, even at room temperature, due to the grain boundary, presence of defects and oxygen vacancies. The present review provides a panorama of the structural analysis and magnetic properties of DMSOs based on binary metal oxides nanomaterials with various ferromagnetic or paramagnetic dopants, e.g., Co, V, Fe and Ni, which exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behaviors at room temperature.

Cancer mortality is increasing at an alarming rate across the globe. Albeit, many therapeutics are available commercially, they are not effective and have no cure up to today. Moreover, the knowledge gap in cancer therapy persists, representing a potential blind spot for the innovation of effective anticancer therapeutics. This review presents an update on current advancements in nanopeptide therapeutics. Herein, a detailed exploration of peptide-functionalized nanoparticles for the development of nanotherapeutics was carried out. Different approaches that include self-assembly nanostructures, solid phase peptide synthesis, ligand exchange, chemical reduction, and conjugation methods for assembling peptides for functionalizing nanodrugs are also highlighted. An outlook on biomedical applications is also reviewed. Additionally, a comprehensive discussion on targeted cancer cell therapy and mechanism of action are provided. The present review reflects the functional novelty of nanodrugs to improve stability, accessibility, bioavailability, and specificity toward cancerous cells. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and future perspectives on the formulation of these nanodrugs.

This work represented the synthesis of Ce doped SnO₂ nanoparticles by a wet chemical method and was characterized by various characterization techniques. PXRD confirmed the presence of the rutile phase for Ce doped SnO₂ nanoparticles. SEM image and elemental mapping showed agglomerated irregular shaped particles and uniform distribution of 5% Ce ions within the SnO₂ lattice, respectively. Ce doped SnO₂ nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and prevented the growth of bacteria. The nanoparticles were found photocatalytic active and photocatalytic behavior was elucidated by the degradation of Malachite Green dye under UV light irradiation.

Advances in nanotechnology over the past decade have emerged as a substitute for conventional therapies and have facilitated the development of economically viable biosensors. Next-generation biosensors can play a significant role in curbing the spread of various viruses, including HCoV-2, and controlling morbidity and mortality. Pertaining to the impact of the current pandemic, there is a need for point-of-care biosensor-based testing as a detection method to accelerate the detection process. Integrating biosensors with nanostructures could be a substitute for ultrasensitive label-free biosensors to amplify sensing and miniaturization. Notably, next-generation biosensors could expedite the detection process. An elaborate description of various types of functionalized nanomaterials and their synthetic aspects is presented. The utility of the functionalized nanostructured materials for fabricating nanobiosensors to detect several types of viral infections is described in this review. This review also discusses the choice of appropriate nanomaterials, as well as challenges and opportunities in the field of nanobiosensors.