In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals interest and concerns about the environmental impact of major sporting events have become increasingly widespread, voiced not only by organizers, but also spectators and residents of affected areas, as well politicians and institutional representatives of the host territories. There are multiple studies of the economic, social, and legal impacts of major sport events. Although several studies have pointed to a range of environmental impacts, there is no clear consensus on the effects that a major event can have on the natural environment. Thus, the aim of this article is to carry out a systematic review of the state of the art. Following the steps proposed by the PRISMA protocol, a selection of scientific articles from between 2000 and 2021 was made. The overall analysis shows that the negatives outweigh the positives, as only 32.91% of the effects described in the articles are deemed to be positive, with 62.03% deemed to be negative, and finally, 5.06% found to be inconclusive. With varying degrees of success, organizers and promoters of major events are already attempting measures to reduce negative impacts and enhance positive ones.

Este estudo contribui para a literatura existente sobre comunicação esportiva, fornecendo evidências sobre como as organizações esportivas se comunicaram nas redes sociais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Para isso, procedeu-se a uma análise de conteúdo das publicações nas redes sociais Facebook, Twitter e Instagram de cinco grandes competições: Liga ENDESA ACB, TURKISH AIRLINES Euroleague, NBA, La Liga e UEFA Champions League. No total, 2.425 publicações coletadas em um período de duas semanas (1º de abril a 15 de abril de 2020) foram analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar das diferenças encontradas do ponto de vista descritivo, após a análise estatística, as organizações esportivas analisadas optaram por uma estratégia de gestão semelhante para suas redes sociais. Essas descobertas podem ajudar a entender como as organizações esportivas lidaram com a covid-19 e ajudá-las a enfrentar crises futuras com maior percepção de suas ações passadas.

This study examines the relationship between residents’ sports habits and their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in the rural region of Alt Urgell. Recognizing the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, this research aims to understand how regular participation in outdoor sports influences perceptions of sustainable tourism and how demographic factors moderate this relationship. A quantitative survey was conducted with a sample of 416 residents, achieving a 95% confidence level and a 4.8% margin of error. Inferential statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between sports habits and attitudes toward sustainable tourism. Results highlight slight differences in perception between genders, with men showing stronger support for community-driven economic initiatives. Variations based on years of residency were observed, with long-term residents expressing greater concern for sustainability. Participation in outdoor sports and attendance at sports events positively influenced perceptions of sustainable tourism. While some hypotheses were confirmed, others were rejected, indicating complexities in the relationship between sports habits and sustainable tourism perceptions. This study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions and inclusive policies to promote sustainable development in the region and suggests directions for future research to further explore these dynamics.

This study explores how sociodemographic and sport-related factors affect public support for a Winter Olympic bid in Alt Urgell, Catalonia, Spain, focusing on the role of direct democracy mechanisms, such as referendums, in shaping local opinions on hosting major sport-ing events . A mixed-methods approach was employed, including Computer-Assisted Web Interviews (CAWI), Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI), and face-to-face surveys. Data from a stratified sample of 416 residents aged 18 and older were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square, Likelihood Ratio tests, Gamma, and Kendall's Tau-b to examine associations between sociodemographic factors, sports participation, and support for the bid. The analysis indicates that civil status significantly influences support for the bid, with people in relationships and with children showing greater enthusiasm. Higher sports participation and outdoor sports participation correlate with reduced interest in community involvement with the Olympics, while belief in regional involvement strongly predicts favorable attitudes. Other factors, such as age, gender, years of residency, and attendance at sports events, were not significant. This research enhances understanding of public engagement with major sporting events by highlighting the complex relationships between sociodemographic factors, sports involvement, and bid support. It emphasizes the need for policymakers to address environmental, economic, and social concerns to gain support. Keywords: major sports events, Winter Olympic bid, referendum, event impact.