Purpose: To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) compared with healthy control subjects. Methods: Seventeen patients with OI and 19 age-matched healthy controls were included into this cross-sectional case-control study. Corneal topographic, topometric and Belin–Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display III analysis, corneal densitometry (12-mm corneal diameter), and lens densitometry measurements were obtained by using the Pentacam HR-Scheimpflug imaging system (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). The corneal endothelial cell properties were determined by specular microscopy. Results: In comparison to the control group, patients with OI had significantly higher front astigmatism (0.8 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 1.1 mm, P = 0.026), thinner thinnest corneal thickness (556.4 ± 32.7 μm vs. 482.5 ± 66.9 μm, P = 0.002), smaller corneal volume (62.4 ± 3.5 mm³ vs. 53.7 ± 6.4 mm³, P < 0.001), lower anterior chamber depth (3.2 ± 0.3 mm vs. 3.0 ± 0.2 mm, P = 0.009), higher index of vertical asymmetry (0.1 ± 0.04 vs. 0.2 ± 0.11, P < 0.001), higher posterior elevation (6.0 ± 2.7 μm vs. 11.9 ± 7.8 μm, P = 0.002), lower maximum Ambrósio relational thickness indice (456.6 ± 67.5 vs. 365.6 ± 115.7, P = 0.009), and higher final “D” value (0.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.6, P = 0.002). The corneal and lens densitometry values were similar in all concentric zones and layers in both groups except that 6 to 10 mm in the center. Corneal densitometry was higher in eyes with OI than that in the control group (9.8 ± 1.7 and 8.8 ± 1.0, P = 0.010). There was no difference in endothelial cell morphology between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The morphologic parameters determined on the corneal analysis are in general agreement with the known pathophysiology of OI. Corneal analysis may prove useful in monitoring patients with OI in clinical practice.

Purpose: To identify the risk factors predisposing posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during mature cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 1302 consecutive mature cataract cases were included in this retrospective study. A detailed examination was performed for each patient and risk factors including age, gender, systemic diseases, ocular comorbidities, surgeon, and surgery method were recorded. Cases with PCR during surgery were classified as complicated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a generalized estimating equations method was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The overall rate of PCR was 7.30% (n=95 eyes). After adjusting for confounders, factors that remained significant on multivariate analysis were strabismus (odds ratio [OR]: 5.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–14.97; P < 0.001), phacodonesis (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.59–8.22; P < 0.001), history of trauma (OR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.64–12.12; P = 0.003), surgery method (extracapsular cataract extraction/phacoemulsification) (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.60–4.26; P < 0.001), and pseudoexfoliation (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.20–3.16; P = 0. 007). Conclusion: Strabismus, phacodonesis, history of trauma, extracapsular cataract extraction method, and pseudoexfoliation were found to be important risk factors for developing PCR. Appropriate preoperative and perioperative precautions for these higher-risk cases can reduce complications.

A 15-year-old male was presented with blurred vision in his right eye for 2 weeks. The patient had a history of looking with the right eye for 5–6 s at a distance of 20 cm from green laser beam (class 3a, 5 mW, 532 nm). Dilated fundus examinations revealed a yellow lesion in the right eye, resulting in loss of foveal reflection at the fovea. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were compatible with active classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A single dose of intravitreal aflibercept was performed to the right eye, and at the 1st month after the injection, the best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/100 from 20/200. FFA showed staining of the scar with no leakage, and OCT revealed scar formation. At the follow-up visits, during 38-month follow-up, no CNV activity was observed. Intravitreal aflibercept may be an appropriate treatment option in cases with laser pointer injury-induced CNV.

The aims of this study were to compare the biometric parameters and axial lengths of eyes with phacomorphic glaucoma and mature cataract and to identify differences that might predispose to development of phacomorphic glaucoma. Three hundred forty-two patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The eyes were divided into four groups—Group (G)1: phacomorphic glaucoma (n = 29), G2: mature cataract (n = 313), G3: contralateral phacomorphic glaucoma (n = 29), and G4: contralateral mature cataract (n = 313). Central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth were assessed by optical low-coherence reflectometry (Lenstar LS 900®; Haag-Streit AG, Switzerland), while axial length was determined by A-scan ultrasound biometry. The mean central corneal thickness of G1 was significantly higher than in other groups (p < 0.001) and the mean anterior chamber depth of G1 was the lowest among the groups (p < 0.001). Also, G2 had lower mean anterior chamber depth than G4 (p < 0.001) and G3 had lower mean anterior chamber depth than G4 (p = 0.007). Anterior chamber depth less than 3.27 mm had the higher odds ratio for distinguishing G3 versus G4 (odds ratio = 10.79, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients aged ⩾68.9 years had the higher odds ratio for distinguishing G1 versus G2 (odds ratio = 2.82, p = 0.019). There was no significant difference in the presence of pseudoexfoliation material between G1 and G2 (p = 0.057). There were no significant differences in axial length values among the four groups (p = 0.097). Advanced age and shallow anterior chamber depth were found to be risk factors for developing phacomorphic glaucoma, but the presence of pseudoexfoliation material was not found to play a role as a risk factor in phacomorphic glaucoma development.

This study investigated the contribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) angiogenic mediators in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aqueous humor specimens taken during cataract surgery in 7 cases of intermediate stage (nonexudative) AMD and 7 cases of late stage (exudative) AMD were evaluated using chemiluminescent immunoassay testing in this prospective case-control study. Mediator levels were compared with the normal reference values of 7 patients without any disease other than cataract. The groups were similar in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). The aqueous humor levels of VEGF in both the intermediate AMD (median: 224.3 pg/mL, range: 44.8–380.4 pg/mL) and late-stage AMD (median: 108.7 pg/mL, range: 61.9-223.5 pg/mL) patients were similar to those of the control group (median: 121.1 pg/mL, range: 24.9–156.6 pg/mL) (p=0.256). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the SDF-1α concentrations between the intermediate AMD (median: 160.9 pg/mL, range 130–166.3 pg/mL), late AMD (median: 161 pg/mL, range: 154.1.9–171.6 pg/mL), and control group values (median: 161 pg/mL, range: 155.2–219 pg/mL) (p=0.763). The aqueous humor levels of VEGF and SDF-1α were within the normal range in patients with intermediate and late-stage AMD.