Precise assessment of the condylar guidance angle can aid successful prosthodontic treatment. However, the reliability and accuracy of current methods remain unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of current methods of determining the sagittal condylar guidance angle, including protrusive interocclusal records, axiography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and panoramic and cephalometric radiographs. A literature search was conducted using BASE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to June 2022. Inclusion criteria involved studies that compared protrusive interocclusal records against other methods of sagittal condylar guidance angle assessment in adult dentate and edentulous patients. Studies that did not provide the values for the right and left joint separately were excluded. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Data were tabulated and analyzed for correlations and their significance. A total of 24 articles qualified for the analysis. The differences between protrusive interocclusal records and panoramic radiograph sagittal condylar guidance angle values were up to 9 degrees. Lateral cephalometric radiographs revealed greater condylar guidance values than facebow transfers or the Bonwill methods. Correlations between average sagittal condylar guidance angle values obtained from CBCT and protrusive interocclusal records differed depending on the method of registration. For protrusive interocclusal records, axiographic or pantographic measurement variance analysis showed that the condylar inclination values recorded with wax were statistically lower than those recorded with a pantograph (P<.05). Although CBCT appears to be the most suitable method of evaluating the sagittal condylar guidance angle, the limitations and discrepancies among methods, including protrusive interocclusal records and panoramic and cephalometric radiographs, should be acknowledged. Digital axiography, with its potential to capture comprehensive functional data, may surpass other techniques. The use of mean values for articulators may be a practical solution for some patients. Further research is needed to refine sagittal condylar guidance angle assessment methods and to develop more reproducible and reliable approaches for the future.

A complex prosthodontic treatment is believed to be more successful when the condylar path is replicated using the articulator. However, there is an ongoing major disagreement between the researchers as the exact relationship between the posterior and anterior determinants has not been clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the protrusive movement of the mandible does correlate with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anatomy or with incised features. Subjects (15 males and 15 females) were qualified for this study based on an initial interview including the following criteria: age 21–23 (+/−1), no history of trauma, orthodontic treatment, or temporomandibular disorders (TMD). For each patient, the angle of the condylar path, incisal guidance angle (IGA), interincisal angle, as well as overbite and overjet were measured on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This was followed by the examination with the Modjaw^® electronic axiograph recording and calculating the functional sagittal condylar guidance angle (SCGA) for the right and left TMJ during the protrusion. The results show that the mean functional axiographic measurement of SCGA in protrusion significantly correlates with the TMJ anatomy presented on CBCT. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the values of SCGA in the functional and anatomical measurements in all its variants. It turned out that, statistically, the AB measurement was the most accurate. Finally, results showed that incisal relationships of permanent teeth such as overbite, overjet, incisal guidance angle and interincisal angle do not correlate with TMJ anatomy, and therefore, regarding an analyzed study group, do not affect the TMJ formation in young adults.

The aim of this narrative review was to present research investigating chitosan, including its general characteristics, properties, and medical and dental applications, and finally to present the current state of knowledge regarding the efficacy of chitosan in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) based on the literature. The PICO approach was used for the literature search strategy. The PubMed database was analyzed with the following keywords: (“chitosan”[MeSH Terms] OR “chitosan”[All Fields] OR “chitosans”[All Fields] OR “chitosan s”[All Fields] OR “chitosane”[All Fields]) AND (“temporomandibular joint”[MeSH Terms] OR (“tem-poromandibular”[All Fields] AND “joint”[All Fields]) OR “temporomandibular joint”[All Fields] OR (“temporomandibular”[All Fields] AND “joints”[All Fields]) OR “temporo-mandibular joints”[All Fields]). After screening 8 results, 5 studies were included in this review. Chitosan presents many biological properties and therefore it can be widely used in several branches of medicine and dentistry. Chitosan promotes wound healing, helps to control bleeding, and is used in wound dressings, such as sutures and artificial skin. Apart from its antibacterial property, chitosan has many other properties, such as antifungal, mucoadhesive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antitumoral properties. Further clinical studies assessing the efficacy of chitosan in the treatment of TMD are required. According to only one clinical study, chitosan was effective in the treatment of TMD; however, better clinical results were obtained with platelet-rich plasma.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the current relationship between condylar guidance and cuspal angulation in natural dentition. This study included 56 pretreatment samples of subjects (lateral cephalograms and study models). Using 3D technology, the study model was scanned to determine the cuspal angulation. The inclination of a tooth's cuspal slope and the line that passes across its cusp fossa combine to generate the cuspal angulation. An extra-oral scanner (shining 3D auto scanner