Indiscriminate and injudicious application of inorganic fertilizers and irrigation, respectively, cause declines in crop productivity as well as environmental pollution. Therefore, judicious use of organic manures and proper scheduling of irrigation are required for sustainable production of wheat crops. A two-year (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) study was conducted to determine the wheat nutrient uptake, soil moisture, and grain yield as a result of organic manures and irrigation schedule. The experiment was set up with four treatments of organic manure in four subplots with repellents and five irrigation planning treatments in the main plot. The results showed that an irrigation/water ratio of 0.9 irrigation water depth/cumulative pan evaporation (I₂) increased grain yield, soil moisture content, and nutrient uptake of wheat (I₃) compared to 0.6 IW/CPE during the vegetative period and 0.8 IW/CPE during the reproductive period. According to statistics, it was found that the vegetative period is maintained at 0.8 IW/CPE, and the reproductive period is maintained at 1.0 IW/CPE (I₅). Applying 7.5 Mg ha⁻¹ of farmyard manure (FYM) plus 3 Mg ha⁻¹ of vermicompost while employing organic manure increases grain output, soil moisture content, and nutrient content and absorption compared to the control treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that irrigation either at I₂ or I₅ + FYM at 7.5 Mg ha⁻¹ + vermicompost at 3 Mg ha⁻¹ could be recommended for enhancing grain of wheat cultivation, particularly in the semiarid regions of northwestern India.

A field experiment was conducted under loamy sand soil during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201415 and 201516 at Jobner, Rajasthan, to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and organic manures on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments, consisting of 5 irrigation scheduling, i.e. I (irrigation at criti- 1 cal stages), I [0.9 irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation (IW:CPE) ratio], I (0.6 IW:CPE ratio at vegetative 2 3 phase + 0.8 IW:CPE ratio at reproductive phase), I (0.6 IW:CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW:CPE ratio at 4 reproductive phase) and I (0.8 IW:CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW:CPE ratio at reproductive phase) in 5 main plots, and 4 organic manures [control, FYM @ 15 t/ha, vrmicompost (VC) @ 6 t/ha and FYM @ 7.5 t + VC @ 3 t/ha] in subplots, were replicated 4 times in split-plot design. The pooled mean results showed that irrigation ap- plied at an 0.9 IW:CPE ratio (I ) recorded the maximum values of growth parameters (dry-matter accumulation and 2 functional leaves) and yield (grain, straw, biological and harvest index) proved significantly superior to I , I and I . 1 4 3 However, the treatment I with maximum plant height also remained equally effective with regard to above param- 5 eters. With regard to relative water content and total number of tillers the above treatment being at par with I 1 proved superior to rest of the treatments. Results further indicated that application of FYM at 7.5 t + VC at 3 t/ha (M ) resulted in significantly higher growth parameters (plant height, dry-matter accumulation and total number of 3 tillers), yield (grain, straw, biological and harvest index) and being at par with M (VC at 6 t/ha) proved superior to 2 rest of the treatments. However, the above treatment (M ) recorded significantly higher functional leaves and rela- 3 tive water content (RWC) over M (Control) and M . Scheduling of irrigation to wheat either at 0.9 IW:CPE ratio 0 2 throughout the growth or 0.8 IW:CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW:CPE ratio at reproductive phase resulted in significantly, higher yield (grain, straw and biological). Irrigating the crop with 0.8 IW:CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW:CPE ratio at reproductive phase was found most effective, as this schedule besides resulting in al- most equal yields also curtailed 1 irrigation with the highest water-use efficiency. The treatment combination, I M 2 3 recorded the significantly higher grain yield over rest of the treatment combinations except I M I M and I M . 2 2, 5 2 5 3

A field experiment was conducted in a loamy sand during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201415 and 201516 at Jobner, Rajasthan, study to the effect of irrigation scheduling and organic manures on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments consisted of 5 irrigation scheduling in main plots and 4 organic manures in subplots were replicated 4 times in a split-plot design. The results showed that irrigation applied at an irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation (IW: CPE) ratio of 0.9 (I2) resulted in the maximum values of yield (grain and straw) and proved significantly superior to the remaining treatments except treatment I5 (IW: CPE of 0.8). Irrigation at an IW: CPE ratio of 0.9 (I2) exhibited the maximum value of consumptive use (395 mm) and treatment I5 revealed significantly highest water-use efficiency (11.34 kg/ha-mm) over rest of the treatments. The treatment I5 failed to show significant variation in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after harvesting of the crop. An application of FYM at 7.5 t + VC at 3 t/ha (M3) resulted in significantly higher yield (grain and straw) over rest of the treatments but at par with M2 (VC at 6 t/ha). The highest consumptive use (409 mm) by crop was shown by the treatment M0 (Control). The significantly highest WUE was recorded under M3 (12.40 kg/ha-mm). The highest organic carbon (0.149%) was also recorded under this treatment M3. which remained at par with M1 (farmyard manure @15 t/ha) but significantly higher than M0 and M2. The significantly higher available N, P and K contents in soil after harvesting were recorded under the treatment M3, being at par with M2 but superior to rest of the treatments. Thus scheduling of irrigation to wheat either at 0.9 IW: CPE ratio throughout the growth or 0.8 IW: CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW: CPE ratio at reproductive phase resulted in significantly higher yield. Manuring the crop either at 7.5 t FYM + 3 t/ha VC or 6 t/ha VC were the equally effective treatments for available N, P and K status in soil after harvesti

A field experiment was conducted under loamy sand soil during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N. of College of Agriculture, Jobner, India. The treatments comprising five irrigation scheduling methods viz. Irrigation at critical stages (I₁), 0.9 IW/CPE ratio (I₂), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 0.8 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase (I₃), 0.6 IW/CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase (I₄) and 0.8 IW/CPE ratio at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase (I₅) were assigned in main plots and four does of organic manures i.e. Control (M₀), FYM at 15 t/ha (M₁), VC at 6 t/ha (M₂) and FYM at 7.5 t + VC at 3 t/ha (M₃) were applied in sub plots and replicated four times in split plot design. Wheat variety “Raj-4037” was used as a test crop. Results indicated that irrigation applied at 0.9 IW/CPE ratio recorded the maximum values of grain yield and soil moisture parameters (Moisture content before irrigation and 1/3 bar) and proved significantly superior over I₁, I₄and I₃. The highest moisture depletion pattern from soil was obtained with I₂. Results also indicated that application of FYM at 7.5 t + VC at 3 t/harecorded significantly higher grain yield, quality parameters (NPK content and uptake) and soil moisture parameters (Moisture content before irrigation and 1/3 bar) which is found at par with M₂proved superior over rest of the treatments. The highest moisture depletion pattern from soil was obtained with M₀. Scheduling of irrigation to wheat at 0.8 IW/CPE at vegetative phase + 1.0 IW/CPE ratio at reproductive phase and application of FYM at 7.5 t + VC 3 t/ha is recommended as this practice brought about significantly higher yield, nutrient content and uptake and moisture content.