Based on multiyear observations in Tomsk (since 1995, in the wavelength range 0.37–4 μm) and other regions of the Asian part of Russia (2003–2008), we determined the specific features of the annual behavior of the characteristics of the spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere. It is shown that AOD peaks are observed in April (0.19 in the region of 0.5 μm) and July, a local minimum in June (less than 0.16), and minimum values in the fall (0.12). The seasonal variations of the Angström selectivity exponent are characterized by elevated values in the warm period (maximum in July) and low values in winter. The closeness of the seasonal variations of aerosol turbidity in three Siberian regions is noted, and the Siberia mean annual behavior of atmospheric AOD characteristics is suggested. The average values of the aerosol optical and microphysical characteristics of the atmospheric depth for characteristic periods of intraannual AOD variations are presented.

The results of the research are numerical estimates of the average fields of black carbon mass concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere of the Arctic region obtained using the numeric technology referred to as fluid location of the atmosphere (FLA). The modelling has been based on measurements of the black carbon concentrations in the near-surface atmosphere obtained during the two cruises of the Professor Multanovskiy (28 July–7 September 2019) and Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (31 July–24 August 2020) research vessels. These measurements have been supplemented by measurements at stationary monitoring points located on the Spitsbergen and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelagoes. The simulation in the summertime demonstrates that areas of increased black carbon concentrations were observed over Northern Europe and, in 2019, also over the Laptev Sea basin. The obtained spatial distribution of mass concentrations of black carbon qualitatively agreed with the same data derived from the second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) but showed quantitative differences. The average values of mass concentrations of black carbon in the modelling zones are as follows: 85.3 ng/m³ (2019) and 53.6 ng/m³ (2020) for fields reconstructed by the FLA technology; and 261.69 ng/m³ (2019) and 131.8 ng/m³ (2020) for the MERRA-2 data.

The Ural Atmospheric Fourier Station (UAFS) based on a Bruker IFS-125M Fourier spectrometer conjugated with an A547N automated solar tracker is described. The UAFS is located in the forest area (57.038°N; 59.545°E) and is intended for trace gas monitoring in the background atmosphere. The examples of solar-radiation near-IR atmospheric transmittance spectra measured with a high spectral resolution are presented, as well as the first results of retrieval of the heavy water fraction in the Ural atmosphere.

Data of multiyear sun photometer measurements in the Asian part of Russia are used to analyze the issues regarding the modeling of annual and spectral behaviors of the atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) based on separation of the contributions of fine and coarse aerosols. The specific features of the spatial distribution and seasonal variations in AOD characteristics in different regions are discussed; and a three-parameter model of annual behavior of spectral AOD in the range 0.34–4 μm for Western Siberia (Tomsk) is suggested.

The well-known method of the back trajectory statistics (BTS) is used to develop a new approach to estimating atmospheric pollution fields according to local measurements. On the basis of instrumental measurements at one or a few monitoring points and information on atmospheric dynamics (in this work, back trajectories of the motion of air particles), the BTS method makes it possible to estimate the spatial structure of fields of a measured quantity. Results from solving a simplified demonstration of estimating the spatial distribution of the volume concentration of a fine aerosol fraction are presented; these results were obtained on the basis of an analysis of photometric measurements in the period of 2004–2010 at six AERO-NET monitoring sites on the territory of Russia: Zvenigorod, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Tomsk, Yakutsk, and Ussuriisk.

The problem of estimation of average fields of air pollutant concentration based on local measurement data is stated: the problem of the passive location o