Environmental pollution is increasing day by day which is causing serious threats to our planet. Global warming, increase in temperature, melting of glaciers are some of issues which the world is facing now. Due to ease of information sharing and technology business across the globe has become quite easier and businesses are operating in whole world. Multinationals are working in whole world. Business is one of the sources of pollution. The production process, supply chain process and many other processes from manufacturing to end product cause pollution. So, to prevent Earth from pollution concept of green marketing emerged which means to produce products which are eco-friendly and then promote these products through ecofriendly ways. The main aim of a company is to satisfy consumers. So, company keeps focus on the factors which forces the consumer to buy the product. Consumer can be motivated by various factors while purchasing product. In this paper those factors are discussed and their effect is measured on green purchase behavior. According to environmental performance index Pakistan is among top 12 countries which are affected by pollution. Meanwhile according to DAWN newspaper 2019 Pakistan has largest population of youngsters in history. So, this paper investigates the factors that influence green purchase behavior of young students.

Earning quality of organization depends upon the audit quality and could be achieved using auditors’ expertise and firm size and this aspect demands the emphasis of new researchers. Hence, the current article investigates the effects of auditors’ independence, audit firm size and auditors’ financial expertise on earning quality of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The article also explores the mediating role of audit quality among auditors’ independence, audit firm size, auditors’ financial expertise and earning quality of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The study gets the data from the audit department of Malaysian manufacturing companies. The article checks the nexus among variables using smart-PLS. The outcomes revealed that the auditors’ independence, audit firm size and auditors’ financial expertise have a positive association with earning quality. The outcomes also exposed that audit quality significantly mediates among auditors’ independence, audit firm size, auditors’ financial expertise and earning quality of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The regulators could get the guidelines to achieve high quality earnings and audits using auditors’ independence and financial expertise.

Brand loyalty has always been a complex phenomenon and the presence of digital technology is making it more challenging as consumers are well informed and demanding than ever. In such dynamic and challenging environment business firms should include the factors that help creating the brand loyalty. Little consideration has been made to “a detailed model” of brand loyalty, most of the earlier researches while examining the antecedents of brand loyalty have pin pointed few variables to explain the whole phenomenon. This research is an effort to investigate and overcome this vacuity. The reason of conducting this study is to inspect brand loyalty in depth and suggesting a detailed model of brand loyalty along with all of its possible antecedents and mediator. Both distinct elements of Brand loyalty are investigated together that is “attitudinal brand loyalty and behavioral brand loyalty”. All the antecedents of brand loyalty are adopted from existing marketing research literature, which included “Brand Commitment, Customer Satisfaction and Brand Perceived Risk”. Most important findings of this study are a) attitudinal brand loyalty impact positively on behavioral brand loyalty b) the effect of Brand Perceived Risk on behavioral brand loyalty is not direct, that is it effect through attitudinal brand loyalty. c) Attitudinal Brand loyalty mediates the impact among brand commitment and customer satisfaction on behavioral brand loyalty. All the findings are consistent with the proposed model. 450 questionnaires were circulated amongst the Karachi residents, out of which 389 responded. Data is examined with the help of SPSS. The study concluded the potential antecedents Customer Satisfaction and Brand Commitment as significant construct in brand loyalty as they have strong relation with attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty. Results show a strong relationship among attitudinal brand loyalty and behavioral brand loyalty. This proposed brand loyalty model will be helpful for the Business firms.

Online banking is a source of executing all banking operations on a virtual basis; that means there is no need to visit the bank physically for any transaction or payment against utilities. This research has explored the scope of online banking in Pakistan, focusing on how depositors' behaviors influence their adoption of online banking services. The present study, therefore, has attempted to give an idea about the factors responsible for the engagement of users and their satisfaction in digital banking platforms in this context. The data used in this paper is primary in nature and has been collected through a structured survey with questionnaires from 234 participants comprising a diverse sample of students, professionals, and ordinary citizens. The research findings revealed that Cyber Security was the most influencing factor upon customer satisfaction; there was also a high correlation between perceived security measures and good user experiences. This result gave the leading role of robust security protocols a great significance in gaining confidence and encouraging people to use online banking services. In contrast, the influence of Financial Literacy on the level of satisfaction with online banking was statistically insignificant; while financial education is very important, it is not as central in shaping the user experience, at least when questions of security dominate. The findings of this study revealed that financial institutions in Pakistan need to give consideration to the enhancement of security and addressing customer's data protection concerns in order to develop a better level of satisfaction and increase online banking adoption. The non-significant influence of Financial Literacy suggests that further research is required for a better understanding of how financial literacy interacts with other influences on online banking. Future research should give more attention to these relationships and also consider the possible indirect influences of financial literacy on user engagement in the services of digital banking.

This article aims to provide deep insight towards the basic understanding of intellectual capital disclosure specifically from the perspective of human capital disclosure. This study reviews the article and primarily focuses on a systematic review of past studies on human capital disclosure. There is a perception among potential investors that intellectual capital information shared by corporate companies is diverse in characteristics. In many developing economies, the government heavily influences corporate culture companies to abide by accounting and corporate practices in the modern world. However, from the investor perspective, the intellectual capital information tends to be net investee; therefore, their emphasis is mostly on corporate information supply. This article summarizes corporate information disclosure and provides the connection between the social, corporate and accounting practices in developing economies.