Se considera la adherencia al tratamiento como un predictor del control y manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y se define como el grado en que las conductas de una persona —la toma de medicamento, el seguimiento dietético y la realización de actividad física— se ajustan a las indicaciones médicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el efecto de las intervenciones psicológicas en el mejoramiento de la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en México entre los años 2000-2020. Se recolectaron 1 121 estudios, de los cuales se evaluaron 51 a texto completo y 15 se incluyeron en el análisis. Como resultado, se obtuvo un tamaño del efecto grande de 0.88 (IC: 0.54, 1.21) en la adherencia al tratamiento, así como variables moderadoras significativas que influyen en los resultados. Se concluye discutiendo la necesidad de establecer diseños de intervención estandarizados que faciliten el conocimiento de variables específicas que promuevan la adherencia al tratamiento. Treatment adherence is considered a predictor of control and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, being defined as the degree to which a person's behaviors —medication intake, dietary follow-up and daily physical activity realization— are in line with medical indications. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychological interventions on the improvement of treatment adherence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexico from 2000 to 2020. A total of 1,121 studies was collected, of which 51 were evaluated in full text, with 15 studies included in the analysis. As the results, a large effect size of 0.88 (CI: 0.54, 1.21) on treatment adherence was obtained, as well as significant moderating variables influencing the results. It is concluded by discussing the need to establish standardized intervention designs that facilitate knowledge of specific variables that promote treatment adherence.

Health is a multidimensional concept with notable psychological factors, such as self-perceived health (SPH). SPH is defined as the subjective assessment of individual health status, and it integrates information related to both physical and psychological aspects, such as lifestyle. This study describes the development of the Self-Perceived Health Scale (SPHS), and its validation in a Mexican sample (n = 600). Exploratory factor analysis (n = 303) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 293) were carried out, and they supported the three-dimensionality of the SPH construct: physical health, psychological health, and healthy lifestyle. A final 12-item scale was obtained, and the scale showed adequate validity and reliability, as well as measurement invariance between sexes, indicating its robustness.

Background. The chronic aspect that begins to characterize long COVID appeals to the need for interventions proposed by institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to manage the disease, emphasizing behavioral change and self-care. Objective. To perform a narrative review of the psychological literature that offers intervention strategies in alignment with the recommendations of the long COVID management guidelines proposed by WHO and NICE. Method. MEDLINE, EBSCO, Google Scholar, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, and CONRICYT databases were consulted, using Boolean operators and keywords for an exhaustive search. Results. The contributions of the studies were categorized into five intervention strategies based on WHO and NICE recommendation guidelines: Psychoeducation, Self-care, Support networks, Relaxation, and Goal setting. These are given a brief introduction and their relevance to the management of long COVID symptomatology is described. Discussion and conclusion. The persistent condition of COVID-19 symptoms makes it necessary to recognize that lifestyle changes must be made, primarily focused on health care and prevention of worsening disease sequelae. These lifestyle changes can be achieved through behavior modification, focusing on protective factors such as education, self-care, support networks, relaxation techniques and, setting appropriate goals.

Mediante un modelo de perceptrón multicapa (MLP) de redes neuronales artificiales, se buscó realizar un modelo predictivo de efectos fisiológicos causados por el estrés académico. Para esto, se consideran variables como la procrastinación académica, el nivel de estrés percibido en el semestre, el estrés académico, la edad, el ingreso económico familiar e individual. Se obtuvo un porcentaje de pronósticos incorrectos en la fase de prueba y reserva de 38.5% y 19.2%, respectivamente; así como un porcentaje global de clasificación correcto de 80.8% y un valor de área bajo la curva ROC de .752. Las tres variables mayor importancia normalizada dentro del modelo fueron la procrastinación, el nivel de estrés percibido en el semestre y el estrés académico. Por último, se discuten los efectos de la procrastinación y el estrés académico sobre el bienestar físico y psicológico de los estudiantes.

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un cuestionario para medir el compromiso académico en una población universitaria mexicana. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo instrumental donde participaron 362 estudiantes, el 70,1 % eran mujeres y el 29,9 % eran hombres, ambos grupos con una edad media de 20 años (DT = 2,7), que fueran estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Se utilizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) mediante el método de extracción mínimos cuadrados ponderados y rotación oblicua, y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Se obtuvo una estructura pentafactorial siendo estas involucramiento, rendimiento, reforzadores, interacción socioeducativa y resiliencia, explicando el 47,87 % de la varianza. La consistencia interna del instrumento estimada con el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach (α = 0,82), obteniendo parámetros de ajuste adecuados: CFI = 0,942, GFI = 0,939, AGFI = 0,920, PGFI = 0,716, RMSEA = 0,34. Discusión: El cuestionario de compromiso académico para población universitaria mexicana muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, considerando factores como el involucramiento en el estudio, el rendimiento donde el alumno demuestra sus capacidades y habilidades académicas, los reforzadores que motivan al alumno en sus estudios, la valoración positiva del desempeño futuro que tendrá el alumno como profesional y la resiliencia del alumno para llevar a cabo sus tareas escolares ante situaciones estresantes.

The aim of this work it's the identification of depressive symptomatology in people with type II diabetes. Among the literature, associations have been found between both, even considering depression as a possible risk identifier for developing Diabetes Mellitus. Due to this need to identify factors that affect depressive symptomatology in the population with diabetes, we sought to develop a classification model to determine which factors affect the aggravation of this psychological problem, and subsequently confirm these results using logistic regression models and cross-validation. A non-experimental cross-sectional research design was used. Using a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, we worked with 200 people and found various factors that influenced depressive symptomatology in people with diabetes, according to the degree of depression, with negative attitudes towards oneself being a decisive factor in establishing the type of diagnosis. In this sense, for "Normal" depressive symptomatology, the most important factor was Impairment of performance; for "Mild" symptomatology, somatic alterations were observed; for "Moderate" symptomatology, sleep disturbances; and for "Severe" depressive symptomatology, the most notable somatic alterations were observed. It is argued the need to establish filters between "Normal" depressive symptomatology and those that could be an obstacle to achieve good adherence to treatment, considering contextual and biological aspects, the last in terms of brain activation.