This paper presents a multi-dimensional evaluation and comparison of the visual comfort of the cabin lighting environments of five subways lines in Chengdu. The study proposes a visual comfort evaluation procedure that integrates objective and subjective methods combined with existing visual comfort measurement methods. Based on this evaluation procedure, the lighting conditions (illuminance and glare) in each cabin were measured using an illuminance metre and high-dynamic image technology, and an online questionnaire was used to understand passengers’ subjective experiences of cabin lighting. The results show that: seating layout has no significant influence on the visual performance of mobile phones or on spatial brightness; horizontal illuminance in the lighting environments of subway cabins has no significant influence on task performance of passengers using mobile phones; the overall perception of subway cabin spatial brightness increases with vertical illuminance; and passengers have no obvious preference for a cabin correlated colour temperature.

Product forms can reflect the comprehensive quality of products. High-speed trains are highly technological industrial product, and their streamlined heads (nose shapes) are designed based on aerodynamics, ergonomics/human factors, aesthetics, culture, and relevant standards and techniques. Considering these factors, we proposed a systematic approach for streamlined head form design and evaluation of a Chinese high-speed train. There are 4 stages in the design process, each of which has a unique task. The first stage includes the determination of design objects, design basis, and crucial design size. The second stage is conceptual design using concept sketches highly valued in aesthetics, cultural connotation, and innovation. The final stages are the design and evaluation of the new streamlined head forms via computer-aided aerodynamic and ergonomic technologies. A Chinese high-speed train was used to describe the procedures and practicability of this proposed approach, as well as show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Since poor man–machine interaction and insufficient coupling occur in the processes of angle prediction and rehabilitation training based purely on the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal, a model for predicting the angles of upper limb joints was presented and validated by experiments. The sEMG and posture capture features were combined to build a hybrid vector, and the intentions of upper limb movements were characterized. The original signals were pre-treated with debiasing, filtering, and noise reduction, and then they were integrated to obtain signal characteristics. Then, feature values in the time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain, and entropy were extracted from the treated signals. The snake optimizer least squares support vector machine (SO-LSSVM) was modeled to predict the angles of upper limb joints to improve the poor precision and slow velocity of existing models in the movement control field. Experimental results showed that the prediction model performed well in predicting the motion trails of human upper limb joints from the sEMG signal and attitude information. It effectively reduced both skewing and error in prediction. Hence, it holds great promise for improving the man–machine coupling precision and velocity. Compared to the conventional LSSVM model, the proposed SO-LSSVM model reduced the training time, execution time, and root mean square error of evaluation parameters by 65%, 11%, and 76%, respectively. In summary, the proposed SO-LSSVM model satisfied the real-time requirement for rehabilitation robots and showed high accuracy and robustness.

Excellent products often contain profound cultural connotations. To improve the quality of cultural products, it is important to study how typical cultural carriers can be more promptly and efficiently identified and incorporated into products through a detailed and easy-to-use design process. In this article, we propose an approach from three different levels to assist designers in incorporating cultural features into products, including: (1) the integrated framework of the composition and division of cultural carriers, (2) the extraction and translation model from cultural carriers, cultural elements to cultural features and (3) the cultural product design process. The proposed approach was applied in a large and complex cultural product case, that is, inter-city train design. The evaluation of the recognition of culture features indicated that the approach contributed to conferring culture on products through thoughtful design and could ensure that the product schemes reflect cultural features as well as interesting cultural connotations.