Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with ever-increasing prevalence worldwide. In our study, we evaluated the prevalence of the risk of developing T2DM in Saudi Arabia and investigated associations between that risk and various sociodemographic characteristics. To those ends, a web-based cross-sectional survey of Saudi nationals without diabetes, all enrolled using snowball sampling, was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022. The risk of developing T2DM was evaluated using a validated risk assessment questionnaire (ARABRISK), and associations of high ARABRISK scores and sociodemographic variables were explored in multivariable logistic regression modeling. Of the 4559 participants, 88.1% were 18 to 39 years old, and 67.2% held a college or university degree. High ARABRISK scores were observed in 7.5% of the sample. Residing in a midsize city versus a large city was associated with a lower ARABRISK risk score (p = 0.007), as were having private instead of governmental insurance (p = 0.005), and being unemployed versus employed (p < 0.001). By contrast, being married (p < 0.001), divorced or widowed (p < 0.001), and/or retired (p < 0.001) were each associated with a higher ARABRISK score. A large representative study is needed to calculate the risk of T2DM among Saudi nationals.

Background: Candida auris has become a growing concern in hospital settings because of its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs. This study investigated the clinical features, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with C. auris candidemia at two medical centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A two centres, retrospective cohort study which includes adult patients who had positive blood cultures for C. auris. The analysis covered patient characteristics, antifungal treatments, and outcomes. Results: The cohort consisted of 228 cases with C. auris candidemia 51.4% of whom were male. The average age of patients was 61.9± 17.8 years, and common comorbidities included hypertension (59.2%) and diabetes (50.0%). ICU care was needed for 68.8% of the patients. Fluconazole resistance was high (77%), while echinocandins showed > 90% susceptibility. Patients who received monotherapy had faster clearance (median = 4; IQR = 3– 5) compared to combination therapy (median = 5; IQR = 3.75– 8) (p= 0.013). Fewer recurrences were observed in monotherapy (11.1%) compared to those on combination therapy (23.7%) (p= 0.021). Survival was significantly lower among patients with high SOFA scores (p=0.027). Conclusion: C. auris candidemia remains a major clinical challenge due to its drug resistance and the severity of illness in affected patients. Echinocandins continue to be the preferred first-line treatments, and using SOFA scores may help in predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment plans.