Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly infectious viral disease responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry. A reverse genetic vaccine is a safe, rapid, and effective method of achieving IB prevention and control. In this study, we constructed the recombinant strain, rH120-S1/YZ, using a reverse genetic system, based on the backbone of the H120 vaccine strain, with the S1 gene replaced with that of the QX-like nephropathogenic strain, ck/CH/IBYZ/2011, isolated in China. The results of dwarf chicken embryos, growth kinetics, and viral titration in the embryos demonstrated that the biological characteristics of the recombinant virus remained unchanged. Like the rH120-infected group and in contrast to the rIBYZ-infected group, no mortality, clinical signs, or lesions were observed in the lungs or kidneys of young chickens inoculated with rH120-S1/YZ. The viral loads in various tissues, cloacal, and oral swabs was lower in most types of samples, indicating that the rH120-S1/YZ strain was highly safe in chicks. Compared to rH120 vaccination group, when the efficacy of this strain was evaluated against the QX-like IBV strain, better protection, with 100% survival rate and no disease symptom or gross lesion was observed in the chickens vaccinated with rH120-S1/YZ. Increased levels of IBV-specific antibodies were detected in the serum of the rH120-S1/YZ-vaccinated animals 14 days post-vaccination. Collectively, our results suggest that the recombinant strain, rH120-S1/YZ, may represent a promising vaccine candidate against QX-like IBVs.

A careful assessment of contextual factors and human behavior is essential when implementing population health strategies, such as dietary salt reduction to reduce the intake of excessive sodium, which is the top-ranked dietary risk factor associated with cardiovascular diseases.^1,2 A significant number of strokes are caused by high blood pressure due to overconsumption of sodium.^3,4 There has been substantial evidence from randomized clinical trials showing that reduced sodium intake leads to a decrease in blood pressure.⁵ However, definitive evidence on whether sodium reduction can reduce incident cardiovascular disease events is lacking, to our knowledge.

A multi-stimuli responsive fluorophore, named NBDNI, was developed by constructing a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative in which a rotatable electron-donating N,N-dimethylaniline group attached to its 4-position. This molecular structure endowed NBDNI with aggregate-induced emission (AIE) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) properties, enabling remarkable fluorescence changes in response to multiple external stimuli: (i) sensitivity to polarity in various solvent systems and polymer matrix; (ii) significant fluorescence response and excellent linearity towards temperature changes in solution; (iii) distinct switch of fluorescence color upon acid and base treatments; (iv) reversible mechanochromism behavior in the solid state. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the aforementioned stimuli-responsive phenomena have been proposed based on comprehensive systematic measurements. Furthermore, preliminary applications such as fluorescence thermometry and acid/base test paper have been demonstrated. This research will bring about new opportunities for the development of novel stimuli-responsive luminescent materials.

An automatic brain‐metastases planning (ABMP) software has been installed in our institution. It is dedicated for treating multiple brain metastases with radiosurgery on linear accelerators (linacs) using a single‐setup isocenter with noncoplanar dynamic conformal arcs. This study is to validate the calculated absolute dose and dose distribution of ABMP. Three types of measurements were performed to validate the planning software: 1, dual micro ion chambers were used with an acrylic phantom to measure the absolute dose; 2, a 3D cylindrical phantom with dual diode array was used to evaluate 2D dose distribution and point dose for smaller targets; and 3, a 3D pseudo‐in vivo patient‐specific phantom filled with polymer gels was used to evaluate the accuracy of 3D dose distribution and radiation delivery. Micro chamber measurement of two targets (volumes of 1.2 cc and 0.9 cc, respectively) showed that the percentage differences of the absolute dose at both targets were less than 1%. Averaged GI passing rate of five different plans measured with the diode array phantom was above 98%, using criteria of 3% dose difference, 1 mm distance to agreement (DTA), and 10% low‐dose threshold. 3D gel phantom measurement results demonstrated a 3D displacement of nine targets of (range 0.2 ~ 1.1 mm). The averaged two‐dimensional (2D) GI passing rate for several region of interests (ROI) on axial slices that encompass each one of the nine targets was above 98% (5% dose difference, 2 mm DTA, and 10% low‐dose threshold). Measured , the minimum dose that covers 95% of the target volume, of the nine targets was 0.7% less than the calculated . Three different types of dosimetric verification methods were used and proved the dose calculation of the new automatic brain metastases planning (ABMP) software was clinical acceptable. The 3D pseudo‐in vivo patient‐specific gel phantom test also served as an end‐to‐end test for validating not only the dose calculation, but the treatment delivery accuracy as well.PACS number(s): 87.53.Lv, 87.55.km, 87.55.Qr