Throughout the article, the relation between the governance indicators and the Human Development Level (HDL) is investigated. The analysis is conducted by using Panel Data Regression Method. The valid annual data of World Governance Index between the years 2002–2012 for 33 member and candidate countries of European Union (EU) is collected from World Bank’s official website. To measure HDL, data of Human Development Index (HDI) belonging to 2002-2012 term is gathered from United Nations Development Programme’s official website. The analysis concluded that, at least three of the governance indicators as Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality and Rule of Law have significant positive coefficients in the panel data regression model. It means that better governance performance for any country provides better performance at the HDL. It is evaluated that the results of the research may provide useful instrument both for public policy designers and for academics.

Early markers are required in pathophysiological process of obesity, MS and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to clarify the usefulness of serum adipokines (adiponectin, AD and resistin) and inflammatory markers to identify obese and overweight children with MS. Three hundred and seven of 2 491 subjects aged 11–19 with BMI≥85 centile selected with a multistage, stratified sampling were included. Their height, weight and waist circumference were measured, all subjects underwent physical examination and standard OGTT. AD, resistin and hs-CRP were measured from baseline blood sample. The mean age of subjects was 14.2±1.8, 57.7% was girl (n=177) and 42.3% (n=130) boy. Of the 307 subjects 40 (13%) were classified as having MS. Serum AD levels were significantly lower in boys (p=0.02), and decreased while BMI increased, but this trend was not significant (p>0.05). Although median resistin values were higher in obese than others (20, 18.5, 17 ng/ml, respectively) it was not significant (p>0.05). In obese subjects, hs-CRP levels were significantly high (0.21 mg/L) (p=0.000). All three markers in obese and overweight children with and without MS were not significant (p>0.05). Girls with MS had lower adiponectin levels than those without MS. Waist circumference had the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting MS in ROC analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.831 for WC standard error (SE) 0.033; 95% CI 0.767–0.896; p<0.0001. But the AUCs for the adiponectin, resistin, hs-CRP were not significant. In this study, we observed that adipokines or inflammatory markers have no predictive value in the diagnosis of MS. We concluded that the best marker for MS diagnosis is the measurement of waist circumference.

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, Türkiye’de kadınların parlamento üyeliğine ilişkin seçim sürecinde, seçim sonrası milletvekilliği döneminde ve milletvekilliği dönemi sonrasında karşılaştıkları sorunları ortaya çıkarmak, tespit edilen sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri ve alternatif kamu politikaları geliştirmektir. Araştırma esnasında veriler yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat ile toplanmış, görüşme yapılacak vekiller ölçüt örneklem tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Siyasi temsil sürecinin tüm aşamalarını tamamlamış olmaları bakımından yalnızca 23. Dönem’de (2007-2011) milletvekili olan ve sonraki dönemde seçilmemiş milletvekillerinden, görüşmeyi kabul eden beş milletvekili ile mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın, Türkiye’deki kadın parlamenterlerin siyasal temsil sürecinin tüm aşamalarında yaşadıkları problemleri toplumsal cinsiyet çerçevesinde inceleyen nitel çalışmalardan birisi olarak akademik yazına katkı sağlayacağıdeğerlendirilmektedir.

The study aims to examine the long-term cointegration between the democracy index and foreign direct investment (FDI). The sample group chosen for this investigation comprises BRICS-TM (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Turkey [Türkiye], and Mexico) countries due to their increasing strategic importance and potential growth in the global economy. Data from 1994 to 2018 were analyzed, with panel data analysis techniques employed to accommodate potential structural breaks. The level of democracy serves as the independent variable in the model, while FDI is the dependent variable. Inflation and income per capita are considered control variables due to their impact on FDI. The analysis revealed a long-term relationship with structural breaks among the model’s variables. Democratic progress and FDI demonstrate a correlated, balanced relationship over time in these countries. Therefore, governments and policymakers in emerging economies aiming to attract FDI should account for structural breaks and the correlation between democracy and FDI. Furthermore, the Kónya causality tests revealed a causality from democracy to FDI at a 1% significance level in Mexico, 5% in China, and 10% in Russia. From FDI to democracy (DEMOC), there is causality at a 5% significance level in Mexico and a 10% significance level in Russia. Thus, the findings suggest that supporting democratic development with macroeconomic indicators in BRICS-TM countries will positively impact foreign direct capital inflows. Graphical Abstract

This study aims to examine if there is a long-term relationship between the participation of ‘country-level governance’ and ‘national development’ through the data of founding countries of the Cooperation Council of Turkish Speaking States (Turkic Council)? The hypothesis of there is a significant long-term relationship between country-level governance and national development was tested via the panel data analysis of four Turkic countries: Azerbaijan, Kirgizstan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey. The compounds of the ‘Worldwide Governance Indicators’ were used as the independent variable, and ‘Human Development Index’ as the dependent variable. A Panel Causation Test was conducted to investigate if there are long-term co-integration and causation between country-level governance and national development. Our results found that there is significant causation between the country-level governance indicators of ‘Voice and Accountability’ and ‘Government Effectiveness’ with the ‘national development’ process. Thus, our findings will contribute to both academics who study the effects of governance on development and to policymakers who utilize these sources for improved political and social development with the aim to prevent poverty and improve access to basic human needs.