Digital transformation (DT) fundamentally disrupts enterprise operations presenting both unprecedented opportunities and complex challenges for organisational leadership. Drawing upon dynamic capability theory, we develop a model exploring the dynamics of digital transformational leadership (DTL) and its effects on DT within small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, we investigate the mediating roles of digital capabilities and digital strategies. Data from 256 SMEs in Ghana were analysed using structural equation modelling techniques to test hypotheses. The findings reveal a positive relationship between DTL and DT, demonstrating that the former positively influences digital IT capabilities (ITDC), employee digital capabilities, and digital strategies. ITDC and employee digital capabilities partially mediate the relationship between leadership and DT, while digital strategy shows a weaker mediating effect. The findings enhance understanding of how transformational leadership influences DT in SMEs, emphasising the role of digital capabilities and the nuanced impact of digital strategies.

Background: Rural populations experience poorer access to the necessary health services for chronic health conditions. Although studies of rural healthcare access continue to expand, most are based on quantitative data, yet normative views and lived experiences of rural adults might offer a better understanding of healthcare access and their specific unmet needs. This qualitative study sought the views of both rural-centric older people and healthcare professionals to understand health needs, barriers, and enablers of accessing health services, with a focus on chronic health condition(s). Methods: Between April and July 2022, separate in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 older people (≥60 years) in a rural South Australian community. Additionally, focus group interviews were conducted with 15 healthcare professionals involved in providing health services to older adults. Transcripts were coded using the NVivo software and data were thematically analysed. Results: Participants described a range of unmet care needs including chronic disease management, specialist care, psychological distress, and the need for formal care services. Four barriers to meeting care needs were identified: Workforce shortages, a lack of continuity of care, self-transportation, and long waiting times for appointments. Self-efficacy, social support, and positive provider attitudes emerged as crucial enabling factors of service use among rural ageing populations. Discussion: Older adults confront four broad ranges of unmet needs: Chronic disease management care, specialist care, psychological care, and formal care. There are potential facilitators, such as self-efficacy, provider positive attitudes, and social support, that could be leveraged to improve healthcare services access for older adults.

The emergence of agricultural cooperatives is extensively viewed as a necessary institutional arrangement that can help farmers in developing countries overcome the constraints that impede them from improving sustainable agricultural production and acquiring new marketing opportunities. Therefore, this study examines the determinants of cooperative membership and its impact on fish farm household income, using data collected from two regions in Ghana. An endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is utilized to address the potential sample selection bias issue. The results show that household heads’ decisions to join cooperatives are affected by their access to credit, off-farm work, education level, and peer influence. Cooperative membership can increase both household and farm income by 28.54% and 34.75%, respectively. Moreover, we show that different groups of households’ cooperative impacts on farm and household income are heterogeneous. Our findings highlight the importance of cooperative patronization and provide implications that can improve households’ welfare.