Setiawati S, et al. Mycobiology. 2017 Mar;45(1):25-30. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2017.45.1.25

Background: Growing evidence shows that viral co-infection is found repeatedly in patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). This is the first report of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with viral respiratory pathogens in Indonesia. Methods: Over a one month period of April to May 2020, SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swabs in our COVID-19 referral laboratory in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were tested for viral respiratory pathogens by real-time, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Proportion of co-infection reported in percentage. Results: Fifty-nine samples were positive for other viral respiratory pathogens among a total of 125 samples. Influenza A virus was detected in 32 samples, Influenza B in 16 samples, Human metapneumovirus in 1 sample, and adenovirus in 10 samples. We did not detect any co-infection with respiratory syncytial virus. Nine (7.2%) patients had co-infection with more than two viruses. Conclusion: Viral co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 is common. These results will provide a helpful reference for diagnosis and clinical treatment of patients with COVID-19.

Antimicrobial resistance is now considered a global health problem because it reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the highest mortality rate is associated with infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, with approximately 700,000 deaths worldwide each year. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of C-10 massoia lactone to inhibit the growth of fungi and C. tropicalis biofilm, and molecular docking studies were performed to determine the nature of the inhibition. The study was conducted using the microdilution method for antifungal and antibiofilm testing and designed with a molecular docking approach. Furthermore, an analysis using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to evaluate the mechanism of effect. The results obtained showed that C-10 massoia lactone can inhibit the growth of fungi by 84.21 w/v. Meanwhile, the growth of C. tropicalis biofilm in the intermediate phase was 80.23 w/v and in the mature phase was 74.23 w/v. SEM results showed that C-10 massoia lactone damaged the EPS matrix of C. tropicalis so that hyphal formation was hindered due to damage to fungal cells, resulting in a decrease in attachment, density, and lysis of C. tropicalis fungal cells. Based on molecular docking tests, C-10 massoia lactone was able to inhibit biofilm formation without affecting microbial growth, while docking C-10 massoia lactone showed a significant binding and has the potential as an antifungal agent. In conclusion, the C-10 massoia lactone compound has the potential as an antibiofilm against C. tropicalis, so it can become a new antibiofilm agent.

Multidrugresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical isolates at dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro central hospital Klaten

The extracts of five invasive plants were investigated for antifungal and antibiofilm activities against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis. The antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution assay and the antibiofilm effect by measurement of the metabolic activity. Ethanol and ethanol‐water extracts of Reynoutria japonica leaves inhibited 50 % of planktonic cells at 250 μg mL⁻¹ and 15.6 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. Ethanol and ethanol‐water extracts of Baccharis halimifolia inhibited >75 % of the mature biofilm of C. albicans at 500 μg mL⁻¹. The essential oil (EO) of B. halimifolia leaves was the most active (50 % inhibition (IC₅₀) at 4 and 74 μg mL⁻¹against the maturation phase and 24 h old‐biofilms of C. albicans, respectively). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the primary contents in this EO (62.02 %), with β‐caryophyllene oxide as the major component (37 %). Aromadendrene oxide‐(2), β‐caryophyllene oxide, and (±)‐β‐pinene displayed significant activities against the maturation phase (IC₅₀=9–310 μ mol l⁻¹) and preformed 24 h‐biofilm (IC₅₀=38–630 μ mol l⁻¹) of C. albicans with very low cytotoxicity for the first two compounds. C. albicans remained the most susceptible species to this EO and its components. This study highlighted for the first time the antibiofilm potential of B. halimifolia, its EO and some of its components.