In this article, we propose a new family of distributions, namely, a modified T-X family of distributions. The case of the newly proposed family is advocated with respect to three most attractive features: flexibility, efficiency and parsimony. The statistical features are established through simulation studies. The applicability of the scheme is further assessed by using two diverse data sets. The performance evaluation study is conducted with respect to five existing distributions while considering various goodness-of-fit criteria. Moreover, the estimation of the parameters is delineated under the classic approach and Bayesian framework. Based on the findings of this research, we see our proposition as a more efficient and parsimonious alternative to the existing well-known cubic transmutation family of distributions. Finally, the flexible nature of the devised family of distributions may project as a useful candidate in survival analysis and reliability theory.

In this paper, we develop a generator to propose new continuous lifetime distributions. Thanks to a simple transformation involving one additional parameter, every existing lifetime distribution can be rendered more flexible with our construction. We derive stochastic properties of our models, and explain how to estimate their parameters by means of maximum likelihood for complete and censored data, where we focus, in particular, on Type-II, Type-I and random censoring. A Monte Carlo simulation study reveals that the estimators are consistent. To emphasize the suitability of the proposed generator in practice, the two-parameter Fréchet distribution is taken as baseline distribution. Three real life applications are carried out to check the suitability of our new approach, and it is shown that our extension of the Fréchet distribution outperforms existing extensions available in the literature.

Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand countries have half of the trade in the group of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members. An agreement has increased the importance of trade coalition without the US dollar among them. To understand the pattern of the Stock Traded in these countries, this study developed ample fuzzy time series foretelling models. An innovative data transformation approach called compositional data is employed. The Fuzzy Time series models are implemented with different orders of fuzzy logical relationships. The Trapezoidal and Spline S-shaped membership functions are engaged in these models. The performance of forecasting is evaluated through the compositional root mean square error (CRMSE) and compositional mean absolute percentage error (CMAPE). The analysis of forecasted accuracy measurements showed that the Third-Order Fuzzy Time Series model with a Trapezoidal membership function outclassed other orders models. It is also observable that Thailand's stock traded values increased compared to Malaysia and Indonesia.

This paper uses confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation modeling approach on stock returns in Pakistan and Türkiye in order to separate the global financial shocks from domestic economic fundamentals utilizing monthly stock returns data from July 2004 to August 2025. Evaluating four latent constructs (global conditions, domestic monetary conditions, external sector pressure, and real economy activity), a multi-group estimation shows that both markets share an identical global pricing factor driven by joint reflation and risk aversion components, with Türkiye exhibiting greater sensitivity to global risk sentiment, and that this global channel is not intermediated by the domestic external account. Domestic mechanisms diverge sharply: monetary policy transmission influences equity prices in Pakistan, where equities also suffer from inflation and exhibit left-tail sensitivity to external shocks, whereas Turkish equities function as an inflation hedge and show no comparable domestic monetary channel. Roughly sixty percent of cross-market co-movement survives after conditioning on the shared global cycle. These results indicate that external sector defenses such as reserve buffers cannot be expected to shield domestic equity from global financial dynamics and that domestic monetary policy influences local asset prices only where its transmission channel is functional.

The current study presented a new proposition, named as ‘Log-Logistic (LogLogi) family’. Furthermore, the study offered notable features, statistical and reliability properties, as well as expansions of densities of the proposed family of distributions and estimation techniques for its parameters. Seven classical estimation approaches were discussed for parameter estimation of the proposed scheme. The simulation was conducted to assess the accuracy of model parameters using seven different estimation methodologies. Moreover, the applicability of the proposed family of distribution was established considering two sub-models by applying different goodness of fit tests on two datasets. The newly proposed model proved to be highly-adaptable and demonstrated superior performance compared to other models