With an increasing penetration of wind power in the modern electrical grid, the increasing replacement of large conventional synchronous generators by wind power plants will potentially result in deteriorated frequency regulation performance due to the reduced system inertia and primary frequency response. A series of challenging issues arise from the aspects of power system planning, operation, control and protection. Therefore, it is valuable to develop variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs) equipped with frequency regulation capabilities that allow them to effectively participate in addressing severe frequency contingencies. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on frequency regulation methods for VSWTs. It fully describes the concepts, principles and control strategies of prevailing frequency controls of VSWTs, including future development trends. It concludes with a performance comparison of frequency regulation by the four main types of wind power plants.

Due to a growing penetration of permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind turbinegeneration (PMSG‐WTG) systems into the modern power grid, there is a stronginterest in leveraging the potential capabilities of PMSG‐WTG system toparticipate in the system frequency regulation during the grid event. In thiswork, a novel comprehensive frequency regulation (CFR) scheme is proposedspecifically for rotor‐speed‐control‐oriented PMSG‐WTG systems. The step‐wiseinertial power response enables PMSG to perform the temporary frequency support.The rotor speed and pitch angle controllers are coordinated to curtail the windpower output for the persistent de‐loaded operation, which can facilitate theprimary frequency regulation through the variable‐slope droop control.Furthermore, this CFR control scheme is implemented into the controls advancedresearch turbine 2 (CART2)‐PMSG model, so as to investigate its potential impacton the structural loads of wind turbine. Simulation results show CFR candramatically enhance overall frequency regulation capability of the PMSG‐WTG'ssystem and mitigate the frequency oscillations over a full range of wind speedswithout causing large mechanical damages to the wind turbine.