Background: The increase in global population has elevated the food demand which in turn escalated the food animal production systems, especially poultry industries. For a long time, antibiotics are used worldwide to safeguard animals from diseases and for high production performances. Over usage of antibiotics has led to severe side effects such as antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria, harming the beneficial bacteria in the gut, and stacking up of residuals in animal food products. It is the need of the hour to find a competent alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics have gained major attention as safe, feasible, and efficient alternatives to commercial antibiotics. Main body: Probiotics meaning “prolife” are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that when given in sufficient amount confer an advantage to the host health and well-being. Probiotics are reported to improve growth, production performance, immunity, and digestibility, safeguard gut microflora, and enhance egg and meat quality traits in poultry. Proper selection of probiotics strains is crucial before their commercialization. This systematic review focuses on the mechanism of action of probiotics and summarizes the potential role of different probiotics supplementation for enhancing the production and shielding the health and immunity of poultry flocks. Conclusions: Probiotics has got a beneficial impact on the health and immunity of poultry, showing their competence as an alternative to commercial antibiotics. Modern experimental techniques are required to shed more light on the capabilities of probiotics and their usage for animal health.

Subclinical mastitis in bovines is mainly responsible for the huge economic loss of the dairy farmers, of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the causative agents

The study was aimed to isolate and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli from milk samples collected from different parts of West Bengal, India

The present study was undertaken to standardize a convenient method for isolation and purification of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) from cow milk keeping its antigenicity intact, so that the purified β-lg can be used for detection of cow milk protein intolerance (CMPI). Raw milk was collected from Gir breed of cattle reared in Haringhata Farm, West Bengal. Milk was then converted to skimmed milk by removing fat globules and casein protein was removed by acidification to pH 4.6 by adding 3 M HCl. β-lg was isolated by gel filtration chromatography using Sephacryl S-200 from the supernatant whey protein fraction. Further, β-lg was purified by anion-exchange chromatography in diethylaminoethyl-sepharose. Molecular weight of the purified cattle β-lg was determined by 15 percent one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was analyzed by gel documentation system using standard molecular weight marker. The molecular weight of the purified cattle β-lg was detected as 17.44 kDa. The isolated β-lg was almost in pure form as the molecular weight of purified β-lg monomer is 18kDa. The study revealed a simple and suitable method for isolation of β-lg from whey protein in pure form which may be used for detection of CMPI.

The aim was to characterize Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum isolated from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of virulence genes invasion (invA) and Salmonella plasmid virulence C (spvC)