The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It occurs primarily as manifestation of other pathological processes, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and toxin exposure that affect directly the cellular process. Studies were selected from PubMed and Scopus databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: flavonoids, hepatocellular carcinoma, and animal model. The bias analysis of the 34 selected works was done using the ARRIVE guidelines. The most widely used flavonoid in the studies was epigallocatechin gallate extracted from green tea. In general, the treatment with different flavonoids presented inhibition of tumor growth and antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities. The bias analysis evidenced the absence of methodological processes in all studies, such as the age or weight of the animals, the method of flavonoids’ extraction, or the experimental designs, analytical methods, and outcome measures. It has been known that flavonoids have a protective effect against HCC. However, the absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impaired the internal validity of the individual studies, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness of plant‐derived products in the treatment of HCC.

La pulpa de Theobroma grandiflorum, conocido comúnmente como copoazú, es utilizada para la preparación de mermeladas, jugos, yogurt, néctares y dulces, y sus semillas son aprovechadas para la elaboración de cupulate, bebida equivalente al chocolate. En Colombia existe poca información sobre las propiedades de este fruto, especialmente de los ácidos grasos presentes en las semillas, las cuales podrían ser de gran interés para la industria alimentaria. En este estudio se identificó y analizó el contenido de ácidos grasos presentes en el aceite extraído de las semillas de copoazú en madurez fisiológica y sus índices de calidad, además, se midió el potencial antioxidante del aceite mediante el ensayo ORAC, lo anterior como aproximación al conocimiento del uso potencial alimenticio o nutracéutico de uno de los frutos exóticos de la amazonia de poco conocimiento en Colombia. La identificación de ácidos grasos reveló que hay mayor contenido de ácido oleico (36,3%), esteárico (29,27%) y palmítico (7,26%), los índices de calidad, como la saponificación (1,88,15 mg KOH/g muestra), yodo (49,33 g de I/g de grasa) y acidez (1,04 mg KOH/g muestra), muestran que el aceite de copoazú podría ser utilizado en la industria alimentaria y cosmética.

This study focuses on optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from purple-fleshed sweet potatoes (PFSP) for potential use as natural colorants. Factors such as time, temperature, and solid-to-liquid ratio were varied using a Box–Behnken Design. The optimal conditions were determined as 75 min, 70 °C, and a 1:15 m/v solid-to-liquid ratio, resulting in 18.372 mg/100 g total anthocyanin (TA) and 151.160 mg GAE/100 g total phenolic content (TPC). The validation yielded 18.822 mg/100 g for total anthocyanin and 162.174 mg GAE/100 g for total phenolic content, showing a 7% difference from predictions. UAE significantly increased TA extraction by 81% and TPC by 93% compared with the conventional method, with a notable reduction in process time from 24 h to 75 min. Additionally, three kinetic models were tested to compare extraction mechanisms, confirming the efficiency of UAE for PFSP bioactive compound recovery. This study proposes the UAE technique as a highly effective means of extracting bioactive compounds from PFSP, offering promising applications across multiple industries.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of Peru’s main export products. In the last years, the production of fine aroma cocoa has increased, and the market has preference for them instead of cultivar clones like CCN51. Fine aroma cocoa is a heterogeneous population, but some genotypes has started to be selected. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical properties and volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of different fine aroma cocoa genotypes and CCN51. The chemical composition—including moisture, fat, protein, ash, carbohydrate, pH, fermentation index and total phenolic compounds—was determined using standard analytical procedures. VOC were analyzed using SPME/GC-MS. Protein content varied among genotypes, with ABL01 showing the highest percentage. Fat content also ranged widely, with ABL01 and JBB04 representing the highest and the lowest values, respectively. Significant differences in ash and carbohydrate contents were also observed. The pH values suggested that fermentation was generally adequate, although some genotypes showed potential deficiencies. Fine aroma cocoa (FAC) genotypes exhibited lower phenolic compound content compared to the commercial clone CCN51. VOC analysis revealed compositional differences, with certain compounds contributing more prominently to the variation of specific genetic groups profile. These findings suggest that there exists a huge variability in VOC and other chemical properties of fine aroma cocoa genotypes and it is expected that data generated about roasted and no roasted beans will be useful for future research.

The Peruvian Amazonian native cacao faces ongoing challenges that significantly undermine its productivity. Among them, frosty pod rot disease and cadmium accumulation result in losses that need for effective and environmentally safe strategies, such as those based on bacteria. To explore the biological resources in the cacao soil, a descriptive study was conducted to assess the diversity of culturable bacteria across three production districts in the Amazonas region: La Peca, Imaza, and Cajaruro. The study also focused on the functional properties of these bacteria, particularly those related to the major issues limiting cacao cultivation. For this purpose, 90 native bacterial isolates were obtained from the cacao rhizosphere. According to diversity analysis, the community was composed of 19 bacterial genera, with a dominance of the Bacillaceae family and variable distribution among the districts. This variability was statistically supported by the PCoA plots and is related to the pH of the soil environment. The functional assessment revealed that 56.8% of the isolates showed an antagonism index greater than 75% after 7 days of confrontation. After 15 days of confrontation with Moniliophthora roreri, 68.2% of the bacterial population demonstrated this attribute. This capability was primarily exhibited by Bacillus strains. On the other hand, only 4.5% were capable of removing cadmium, highlighting the biocontrol potential of the bacterial community. In addition, some isolates produced siderophores (13.63%), solubilized phosphate (20.45%), and solubilized zinc (4.5%). Interestingly, these traits showed an uneven distribution, which correlated with the divergence found by the beta diversity.