Lymphoid cells play a critical role in the immune system, which includes three subgroups of T, B, and NK cells. Recognition of the complexity of the human genetics transcriptome in lymphopoiesis has revolutionized our understanding of the regulatory potential of RNA in normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs have recently attracted much attention due to their critical roles in various biological processes, including gene regulation, chromatin organization, and cell cycle control. LncRNAs can also be used for cell differentiation and cell fate, as their expression patterns are often specific to particular cell types or developmental stages. Additionally, lncRNAs have been implicated in lymphoid differentiation, such as regulating T-cell and B-cell development, and their expression has been linked to immune-associated diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma. In addition, lncRNAs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response to disease management. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in physiopathology processes during normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid leukemia.

The dihydrorhodamine 123 assay is generally applied to measure the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in neutrophils using flow cytometry and is considered a diagnostic evaluation for chronic granulomatous disease. In fact, there is a broad range of variables that can directly or indirectly affect test results, either individually or collectively. It is therefore crucial to identify the ideal requirements to achieve reliable results as well as using these requirements to provide standard operating procedures that should be taken into account. Therefore, we focus on aligning optimum results by comparing preanalytical and analytical phases that influence test results, such as the effect of various anticoagulants, transport and maintaining temperature (24°C or 4°C) of samples, test prime run time, appropriate solution concentrations, and effect of incubation temperature (24°C or 37°C) during the test run.