This study aims to assess the impact of the water ratio and nanoparticle concentration of neat diesel fuel on the performance characteristics of and exhaust gas emissions from diesel engines. The experimental tests were conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the effects of adding water to neat diesel fuel in ratios of 2.5% and 5% on engine performance and emissions characteristics were examined and compared to those of neat diesel at a constant engine speed of 3000 rpm under three different engine loads. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was utilized to simulate the design of the experiment. According to the test results, adding water to neat diesel fuel increased the brake-specific fuel consumption and reduced the brake thermal efficiency compared to neat diesel fuel. In the examination of exhaust emissions, hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the tested fuel containing 2.5% of water were decreased in comparison to pure diesel fuel by 16.62%, 21.56%, and 60.18%, respectively, on average, through engine loading. In the second stage, due to the trade-off between emissions and performance, the emulsion fuel containing 2.5% of water is chosen as the best emulsion from the previous stage and mixed with aluminum oxide nanoparticles at two dose levels (50 and 100 ppm). With the same engine conditions, the emulsion fuel mixed with 50 ppm of aluminum oxide nanoparticles exhibited the best performance and the lowest emissions compared to the other evaluated fuels. The outcomes of the investigations showed that a low concentration of 50 ppm with a small amount of 11 nm of aluminum oxide nanoparticles combined with a water diesel emulsion is a successful method for improving diesel engine performance while lowering emissions. Additionally, it was found that the mathematical model could accurately predict engine performance parameters and pollution characteristics.

This study was carried out in Sids Agricultural Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute in Beni-Suef governorate on a total number of forty apparently healthy ewe lambs with average weight of 28±0.5 kg to clarify the effect of shearing as a stressor on comfort, feeding and social behaviour and blood cortisol level. Ewe lambs were divided into three groups, the first one (n=10) is shorn at spring, the second (n=10) is shorn in autumn and the third (n=20) is kept as a control. Results showed that there was no significant difference in patterns of comfort behaviour between shorn and unshorn ewes except for grooming behaviour which was significantly (p<0.01) increased in shorn than unshorn groups. Blood cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ewes shorn in spring and autumn at time of shearing (zero minute) than pre-treatment (-20 minutes) and post-treatment time (3 hours following shearing). So the cortisol measurements is a useful indicator of short-term stresses from handling or husbandry procedures such as shearing.

Purpose: The aim is to evaluate the role of endovascular interventions in treatment of iliac artery aneurysms with one year follow up. Patients and methods: our study included 20 patients with iliac artery aneurysms defined as (iliac artery with a diameter >3cm) with adequate proximal and distal landing zone. Patients with anastomotic aneurysms, infected aneurysms or with severe renal impairment (GFR <30ml/min/1.73m2) were excluded. FOR ISOLATED ILIAC ANEURYSM: access used through either: 1) Retrograde ipsilateral common femoral artery puncture. 2) Contralateral femoral puncture and performing a crossover technique. Under fluoroscopy, the stent graft devices were advanced into the iliac axis up to the planned graft deployment site, Embolization of the IIA was performed in cases where backflow from the IIA was expected to result in a type II endoleak. For Aorto-Iliac Aneurysms: Bilateral femoral access is needed to place endografts and can be performed via surgical femoral cut down. Once vascular access is established and landmarks for positioning the device are obtained with aortography, the main device is positioned with particular attention paid to the location of the opening for the contralateral iliac limb ("contralateral gate").