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This study investigated eco-tour ships at Nakdong estuary, Suncheon wetland, and Goesan and Sanmagi-yetgil, 3 of the 26 ecotourism sites in Korea, by analyzing the characteristics and level of ecotourist satisfaction. The field investigation focused on eco-tour ship image, facilities, landscape observed from eco-tour ship, course, and operations. The results of the satisfaction analysis can be summarized as follows. First, there was no significant difference in satisfaction of eco-tour ship image between Nakdong estuary and Sanmagi-yetgil (p > 0.01), while Suncheon wetland showed a significant difference (p < 0.01). It is assumed that the fact that the ship was built using timber which better suits the natural environment and coastal ecosystem had a positive impact on the visual image. No significant difference in satisfaction with facilities on eco-tour ships was found between Nakdong estuary and Suncheon wetland, while Sanmagi-yetgil showed a significant difference. Second, satisfaction of the landscape observed from the eco-tour ships showed significant differences in the mean scores of landscape evaluation the three target sites: Sanmagi-yetgil (8.40), Suncheon wetland (7.20), and Nakdong estuary (4.67). These values are based on the qualitative evaluation of the landscape as seen from the eco-tour ship. It is presumed to have been influenced by the diversity of the landscape and the width of the river. The eco-tour ship course satisfaction also showed significant differences in the mean scores: Sanmagi-yetgil (7.37), Suncheon wetland (6.57), and Nakdong estuary (5.00). The landscape and tour course evaluations of the respondents seem to be correlated. In particular, the variety of courses available to visitors in Sanmagi-yetgil was relatively high compared to Nakdong estuary and Suncheon wetland. Third, satisfaction analysis for eco-tour ship operations found that Suncheon wetland and Sanmagi-yetgil did not differ significantly in terms of satisfaction (p = 0.634), but Nakdong estuary showed a significant difference. The relatively low satisfaction with the eco-tour ship operation at Nakdong estuary is due to the low scores for eco-tour ship commentary, reservation system, and with the facilities, while it is shown that the operation time as well as the landscape observed from the eco-tour ship and the tour course had a combined influence on satisfaction. In the comparative analysis of the impact of eco-tour ships on ecotourism, Nakdong estuary showed a significant difference. This finding indicates a greater influence of eco-tour ships on ecotourism in Suncheon wetland, Sanmagi-yetgil, and Nakdong estuary. Enhanced ecotourism satisfaction improves the probability of return visits. Thus, there is a need to incorporate the characteristics of ecological resources with well thought out operation and increased functional suitability of eco-tour ships to improve ecotourism satisfaction. The eco-ships in the three places in this paper have elements promoting and enhancing their potential. Our findings showed the satisfaction level of the users with the theme of ecotourism.
Byung-Chul An; Eun-Yeong Park. Characteristics and Satisfaction Analysis of Eco-Tour Ships at Ecotourism Sites: Focusing on the Cases of the Nakdong River Estuary, Suncheon Bay Wetland, and Goesan Lake and Sanmagi-Yetgil in Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9586 .
AMA StyleByung-Chul An, Eun-Yeong Park. Characteristics and Satisfaction Analysis of Eco-Tour Ships at Ecotourism Sites: Focusing on the Cases of the Nakdong River Estuary, Suncheon Bay Wetland, and Goesan Lake and Sanmagi-Yetgil in Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung-Chul An; Eun-Yeong Park. 2020. "Characteristics and Satisfaction Analysis of Eco-Tour Ships at Ecotourism Sites: Focusing on the Cases of the Nakdong River Estuary, Suncheon Bay Wetland, and Goesan Lake and Sanmagi-Yetgil in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9586.
With the increasing interest in integrative sustainable development, there has been a strong need for a landscape sustainability assessment tool independent from the existing green building rating system. This study aimed to establish an assessment model to objectively evaluate landscape sustainability using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through an extensive literature review and expert survey, an initial list of assessment items was derived and used to set up an AHP model. An AHP survey with landscape architects and architects/engineers was then conducted to determine the importance of the assessment factors. In addition, the model was applied to three projects that were previously certified by a green building rating system in Korea. The AHP results showed that “site context” ranked as the most important factor of landscape sustainability followed by “soil and vegetation,” “maintenance,” “water,” “health and wellbeing,” and “materials.” Among the 20 assessment factors, “monitoring plan” was evaluated as the most important index, followed by “protection of cultural heritage” and “long-term management plan.” Landscape architects evaluated “soil and vegetation” as the most important in the assessment, while the engineers/architects group rated “site context” as the most important. When tested by applying them to the previously certified projects, the developed factors provided more objective and detailed information on landscape sustainability.
Hyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. Developing a Landscape Sustainability Assessment Model Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process in Korea. Sustainability 2019, 12, 301 .
AMA StyleHyung-Sook Lee, Eun-Yeong Park. Developing a Landscape Sustainability Assessment Model Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process in Korea. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. 2019. "Developing a Landscape Sustainability Assessment Model Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process in Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 301.
Maintaining and improving the ecological soundness and value of Korea’s traditional villages can contribute to their role as tourism resources. This study examined water treatment measures intended to improve the ecological value of one of South Korea’s traditional villages by analyzing the efficiency of water treatment in a pond at the village’s entrance and changes in flora around the village pond. The results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of non-point pollutant sources flowing from the pond into surrounding farmland. Treatment efficiencies of Total Nitrogen, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Phosphorus were 75.33, 30.02, 65.52, 59.12 and 78.85 percent respectively. Moreover, changes to the flora around the village pond were analyzed. Prior to the village pond being dug, the flora consisted of a single-species gramineous plant; however, after the village pond was constructed, nine types of aquatic plants were identified, including lotus plants. The flora diversity was increased, with the aquatic plants showing strong growth. This pond function influences the reduction of pollution load for streams outside the village, and distributes the treatment effects of pollution sources that occur inside the village.
Byung-Chul An; Eun-Yeong Park. Water Treatment Measures to Improve Ecological Value in Traditional Korean Villages: The Case of Oeam Village, Asan City, Korea. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1145 .
AMA StyleByung-Chul An, Eun-Yeong Park. Water Treatment Measures to Improve Ecological Value in Traditional Korean Villages: The Case of Oeam Village, Asan City, Korea. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByung-Chul An; Eun-Yeong Park. 2017. "Water Treatment Measures to Improve Ecological Value in Traditional Korean Villages: The Case of Oeam Village, Asan City, Korea." Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1145.
Hyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. Associations of Neighborhood Environment and Walking in Korean Elderly Women. Asian Women 2015, 31, 1 .
AMA StyleHyung-Sook Lee, Eun-Yeong Park. Associations of Neighborhood Environment and Walking in Korean Elderly Women. Asian Women. 2015; 31 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. 2015. "Associations of Neighborhood Environment and Walking in Korean Elderly Women." Asian Women 31, no. 4: 1.
Hyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. Use of Neighborhood Facilities and Perception of Walking Environment in Older Rural Women. The Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning 2015, 21, 59 -66.
AMA StyleHyung-Sook Lee, Eun-Yeong Park. Use of Neighborhood Facilities and Perception of Walking Environment in Older Rural Women. The Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning. 2015; 21 (3):59-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. 2015. "Use of Neighborhood Facilities and Perception of Walking Environment in Older Rural Women." The Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning 21, no. 3: 59-66.
Eun-Yeong Park; Hyung-Sook Lee. Analysis of Preferences and a Sense of Healing among the Healing Gardens at the 2014 Korean Garden Show. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 2014, 17, 379 -385.
AMA StyleEun-Yeong Park, Hyung-Sook Lee. Analysis of Preferences and a Sense of Healing among the Healing Gardens at the 2014 Korean Garden Show. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment. 2014; 17 (5):379-385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Yeong Park; Hyung-Sook Lee. 2014. "Analysis of Preferences and a Sense of Healing among the Healing Gardens at the 2014 Korean Garden Show." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 17, no. 5: 379-385.
Hyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. The Characteristics of the Late Neoclassical Style in American Gardens - Focused on the analysis of Dumbarton Oaks by Beatrix Farrand -. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 2014, 32, 159 -166.
AMA StyleHyung-Sook Lee, Eun-Yeong Park. The Characteristics of the Late Neoclassical Style in American Gardens - Focused on the analysis of Dumbarton Oaks by Beatrix Farrand -. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 2014; 32 (2):159-166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. 2014. "The Characteristics of the Late Neoclassical Style in American Gardens - Focused on the analysis of Dumbarton Oaks by Beatrix Farrand -." Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 32, no. 2: 159-166.
Eun-Yeong Park. Development of Botanical Garden Planning Indexes and Priority Analysis based on Regional Landscape Resources. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 2014, 17, 87 -93.
AMA StyleEun-Yeong Park. Development of Botanical Garden Planning Indexes and Priority Analysis based on Regional Landscape Resources. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment. 2014; 17 (1):87-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Yeong Park. 2014. "Development of Botanical Garden Planning Indexes and Priority Analysis based on Regional Landscape Resources." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 17, no. 1: 87-93.
The purposes of this study are to identify assessment indices for evaluating the environment for elderly pedestrians and to compare the pedestrian environment surrounding senior welfare centres among large, mid-size, and small cities. To that end, a set of assessment indices and weighted values were decided and field assessments were carried out in seven cities in Gyeonggi province. Research methods such as reviews of pedestrian assessment tools, field assessment, and an analytic hierarchy process survey were conducted. The comparative analysis of the assessment results suggests the following policy implications. First, Aesthetics including attractive views, tree shade, and building facades was found to be important, let alone Safety, which represents the presence of path and traffic control devices. Second, there is a considerable discrepancy in the pedestrian environment surrounding senior welfare centres between large cities and mid-to-small cities, which pose a serious impediment to both balanced urban development and senior citizens’ welfare. Third, it is important to develop easy-to-use assessment tools that are customized to the domestic pedestrian environment to enhance awareness about the local environment, as well as to draw more interest and participation to the improvement of the environment for elderly pedestrians.
Hyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. Comparing the environment for elderly pedestrians among different-sized cities of Gyeonggi province in Korea. International Journal of Urban Sciences 2013, 18, 76 -89.
AMA StyleHyung-Sook Lee, Eun-Yeong Park. Comparing the environment for elderly pedestrians among different-sized cities of Gyeonggi province in Korea. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 2013; 18 (1):76-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyung-Sook Lee; Eun-Yeong Park. 2013. "Comparing the environment for elderly pedestrians among different-sized cities of Gyeonggi province in Korea." International Journal of Urban Sciences 18, no. 1: 76-89.
Eun-Yeong Park. Characteristics of Container Gardens according to Places in Consumption Culture Space. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 2012, 15, 485 -492.
AMA StyleEun-Yeong Park. Characteristics of Container Gardens according to Places in Consumption Culture Space. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment. 2012; 15 (6):485-492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun-Yeong Park. 2012. "Characteristics of Container Gardens according to Places in Consumption Culture Space." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 15, no. 6: 485-492.