Power prediction is important not only for the smooth and economic operation of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) but also to avoid technical issues such as power outages. In this work, we propose to utilize machine learning algorithms to predict the hourly‐based electrical power generated by a CCPP. For this, the generated power is considered a function of four fundamental parameters which are relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature, and exhaust vacuum. The measurements of these parameters and their yielded output power are used to train and test the machine learning models. The dataset for the proposed research is gathered over a period of six years and taken from a standard and publicly available machine learning repository. The utilized machine algorithms are K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), gradient‐boosted regression tree (GBRT), linear regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and deep neural network (DNN). We report state‐of‐the‐art performance where GBRT outperforms not only the utilized algorithms but also all the previous methods on the given CCPP dataset. It achieves the minimum values of root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.58 and absolute error (AE) of 1.85.

This paper introduces a straightforward method for designing a tri-band bandpass filter using a loaded symmetrical dual-step Impedance Resonator (D-SIR) structure, augmented by multiple open and short circuit stubs. The resulting filter operates at 2.2, 7.9, and 14.1 GHz, showcasing high-band selectivity. Experimental measurements confirm six transmission zeros and six transmission poles across the passbands, yielding fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 42.6%, 63.8%, and 27.9%. Particularly noteworthy is the broader upper stopband rejection, enhancing the filter’s overall performance. The design achieves impressive performance metrics, with minimal insertion loss (IL) of 0.71 dB, 0.87 dB, and 0.76 dB, accompanied by substantial return loss (RL) of 23 dB, 18 dB, and 13.8 dB across the three passbands. Furthermore, the fabricated design have a compact size of (0.20×0.15)λg on a Rogers Duroid RT/5880 substrate. Remarkable agreement between measured and simulated results underscores its viability for IoT-based communication systems.

This paper presents a compact novel pentaband bandpass filter using a dual path stub loaded step impedance resonator (SLSIR). The proposed topology consists of a dual path λ/4 and 2λ/3 long uniform impedance resonator centered separated by 2λ/3 open and λ/12 short circuit stubs respectively. The superposition of signals from the two transmission routes results in a fifth-order pentaband bandpass response with six finite frequency transmission zeroes and out-of-band rejection of 11dB from 12 GHz up to 20 GHz. The filter produces five frequency bands at 1.06 GHz, 3.24 GHz, 5.36 GHz, 8.55 GHz and 10.78 GHz with fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 25.59%, 22.22%, 19.48%, 16.03% and 17.17% respectively. The proposed design is fabricated on a high-frequency substrate with a physical size of (0.23λ _g × 0.14 λ _g ). The new pentaband bandpass filter has a simple and compact design with good electrical performance. A fair match can be found between the simulated and experimental results.

This article presents the design of a wideband bandstop RF filter intending to improve selectivity and compactness. Conventional bandstop filter topology with finite unloaded quality factor produces degraded bandstop filter performance due to dissipation loss. In the proposed filter design, a novel dual path Capacitive Coupled Step Impedance Resonator (CCSIR) structure is used to obtain an infinite stopband attenuation. A uniform impedance resonator is used in Path 1, whereas Path 2 contains a resonator that is twice coupled to the transmission lines. The electrical length of both paths is chosen to be out of phase, resulting in a high rejection level at higher frequencies. It has been analyzed that the selectivity can be improved by increasing the order of the dual coupled step impedance resonator. The proposed design produces a wideband BSF centered at 5.25 GHz with a high rejection level of 104.3 dB and fractional bandwidth of 58.5%. The results have demonstrated that the resonant frequencies are regulated by varying the electrical length of CCSIR. Moreover, it has been realized that out of phase signal cancellation due to the dual path is involved in producing the finite frequency transmission poles, which further enhances the filter selectivity. However, the same electrical performance can only be achieved from coaxial cavities and waveguides due to the high-quality factor. The proposed topology is fabricated and measured on a high-frequency microstrip substrate having a low-quality factor with a compact output and better electrical performance compared to coaxial cavities or waveguides. Due to its high electrical performance and small size, the proposed BSF is appropriate for 4G and 5G (FR1) applications. The measurement shows good concurrence with the full-wave EM simulated results. The fabricated prototype of third order BSF has a compact size of (0.7 × 0.77)λ_g at 5.25 GHz.

As we know, the world is rapidly moving towards 5G and B5G technology to achieve high data rates, massive communication capacity, connectivity, and low latency. 5G offers a latency of less than 1 ms and extremely high data volume compared to previous technologies. The main challenge is the complex nature of 5G network deployment, especially at high frequencies (3–300 GHz) on a university campus with varied building structures. In this paper, we will discuss a scenario for deploying 5G at the Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) in Mirpur, Pakistan so that telecom operators and vendors who wish to deploy a 5G network on the campus in the future can draw on our research findings. This article aims to optimize RF planning for enhanced network performance using Altair WinProp for modeling and MATLAB for visualization. RF planning on campus is conducted to propose equipment for 5G deployment, considering environmental impact, socio-economic perspective, spectral efficiency, electrical effectiveness, and latency in the user project. This helps to identify key base station locations, analyzes path loss and field strength, and shows how high-frequency millimeter waves interact with real-world structures.

This paper presents a novel synthesis of a quasi-Chebyshev Nth order stub-loaded coupled-line ultra-wideband bandpass filter. A unit element of a proposed filter topology consists of two short-circuited stubs loaded at the edges of coupled lines. A distributed equivalent circuit model of a proposed topology is extracted and used to acquire a generalized filtering function. The extracted filtering function is of rational form. The denominator of the filtering function causes a mismatch with Chebyshev type-I polynomials. For conventional narrowband filters, the denominator term can be neglected because of the close vicinity of band-edge frequencies; however, for the ultra-wideband filter response, the factor in the denominator cannot be neglected and hence requires a new mathematical procedure to compensate for the effect of the frequency-dependent term in the denominator. The electrical parameters are calculated using the proposed synthesis and used to design an ideal filter topology on ADS. To validate the proposed design procedure, fabrication is performed on a high-frequency substrate. The proposed filter is miniaturized in size and has good out-of-band performance. The simulated and measured results provide good agreement.