Over the past decade, immunotherapy, especially cell-based immunotherapy, has provided new strategies for cancer therapy. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that adopting cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for advanced solid tumors showed good efficacy. TIL therapy is a type of cell-based immunotherapy using the patient’s own immune cells from the microenvironment of the solid tumor to kill tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current strategies and challenges in TIL isolation and generation. Moreover, the current clinical experience of TIL therapy is summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on lymphodepletion regimen, the use of interleukin-2, and related toxicity. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical trials where TIL therapy is used independently and in combination with other types of therapy for solid cancers. Finally, the limitations, future potential, and directions of TIL therapy for solid tumor treatment are also discussed.

Rhodiola species are edible medicinal plants, which have been traditionally used in both Asia and Europe as an adaptogen, a tonic, an anti-depressant and anti-inflammatory supplement. However, whether it presents a therapeutic effect on colitis or not remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of a Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE) on mice with DSS-induced colitis. RCE significantly alleviated the pathological abnormalities in colitic mice, including the correspondingly increased colon length, ameliorated colonic injury and reduced pro-inflammatory factors. The protective effect was similar to that of the positive control, 5-aminosalicylic acid. The DSS-induced epithelial apoptosis and maintained intestinal barrier function were attenuated by RCE through the upregulation of the level of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and occludin. Notably, RCE prevented gut dysbiosis in colitic mice by restoring the microbial richness and diversity, and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria phylum and opportunistic pathogenic Parasutterella and Staphylococcus, as well as increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which were closely correlated with its protective effect against colitis. Meanwhile, chemical characterization of RCE was performed by UPLC-HR-MS to explain its material basis. A total of 63 compounds were identified, while the content of two bioactive ingredients (salidroside, 1.81%; rosavin, 0.034%) was determined.

A traceless bidentate directing group guided copper catalyzed direct cage B(4,5)–H disulfenylation of o-carboranes has been achieved, leading to a series of B(4,5)–disulfenylated o-carborane derivatives in high yields with excellent regioselectivity. The in situ departure of the 8-aminoquinoline bidentate auxiliary circumvents additional processes for directing group removal, thus enhancing the atom-/step-economy.

A Rh-catalyzed one-pot trifunctionalization of o -carboranes with three different substituents via sequential B(3)–, B(4)–, and B(5)–H activation has been developed.

Background: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with a high incidence in China, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the main threat to human life, with terrible morbidity and mortality. The research on the treatment and mechanism of NSCLC has been the forefront and hotspot of research. Recent patents show that alpha-solanine (α-solanine) exhibits the best anti-cancer activity, although its target and related mechanism remain to be elucidated. Objective: This study aims to explore the possible targets and mechanisms of α-solanine in the treatment of NSCLC through network pharmacology and experimental verification. Methods: Network pharmacology was applied to screen the possible targets of α-solanine on NSCLC, construct core networks, and perform GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis to predict the mechanism of α-solanine against NSCLC. Experiments were implemented to verify the results of network pharmacology in vitro. The A549 and PC-9 cells were exposed to α-solanine to assess the anti-tumor effect. Cell apoptosis was determined by the Annexin-V/PI assay. Targeted energy metabolomics was used to validate the network pharmacology results, and energy metabolism pathway- related proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Results: Network pharmacology showed that there were 130 potential targets of α-solanine and NSCLC. GO, and KEGG analysis showed that the energy metabolism pathway is the main pathway for α-solanine to exert anti-tumor effects on NSCLC. Experimental results showed that α-solanine inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted cell apoptosis. At the same time, after α-solanine treatment, the energy metabolism pathway-related proteins, including GPI, ALDOA, TPI1, PKLR, LDHA, and ALDH3, were expressed reduced. In addition, α-solanine also affects the amino acid metabolism of A549 and PC-9 cells. Conclusion: Based on a combination of network pharmacological prediction and experimental verification, α-solanine may exert anti-NSCLC effects by regulating the energy metabolism pathway.