Black carrot (known as Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) production of Turkey is increasing day by day. New production fields are added to existing ones and production are ever increasing. Black carrot is processed as concentrated and used as a natural colorant for the color of purple and tones in food and beverage industries. Black carrot is also consumed as a fermented beverage. However, the studies carried out on black carrot culture in Turkey are highly limited. This study was carried out to determine energy balances in black carrot production since it is a significant source of income. Results revealed that direct and indirect total energy input in black carrot cultivation was 58 014.8 MJ/ha, total energy output was 119 560 MJ/ha, Output/input ratio (OI) was 2.06 and net energy ratio (NER) was 1.06.

In this study, limit application rates and different spray nozzle positions effects on coverage rate, drop diameter and amount of tracer residue values were determined of application defoliating agent before machine harvest on cotton plant. Researches were carried on two phases as indoor area trials and laboratory analysis. In these researches, artificial cotton plants were used. Indoor area trials were conducted two different application rates (20 and 40 L da-1) and three different in spray nozzle positions (NP1, NP2 and NP3) by using conventional hollow cone spray nozzle. 27 pieces of sampling area were determined that they were included the two sides of the plant and plant center position of the upper-middle-lower in initiative area on plants. Six initiative areas were determined in order to record efficiency in initiative area on plants. For the purpose of deposition of trace amounts of substances were determined in sampling area; water-sensitive paper is placed on top that included both over the leaves and beneath the leaves in order to detect each filter paper, and drop diameter, rate of coverage. The amount of deposit on areas that were done analysis in laboratory conditions was determined to with spectrophotometer. Drop diameters and coverage rate detection were done analysis on image analysis. According to the results, it is determined that NP3 which is used generally in 40 L da-1 norm provide the best deposition and coverage rate on applications of defoliant, in addition to pesticide reach on leaf beneath in merely this spray nozzle position.