At present, some shortcomings of the research on coupling modeling of the oceanic front–sound field may need attention: (1) Most of the acoustic propagation simulation is based on ideal front models, but the application of investigated marine data is lacking. (2) Most studies focus on the acoustic field characteristics, with the influence of fronts on acoustic propagation, but few studies aim at the direct quantitative analysis of the performance of underwater acoustic detection in oceanic fronts. To deal with the above problems, based on the measured data in the northwest Pacific Ocean, here, we first design different sound source layout schemes and calculate sound field characteristics in the sub-Arctic front using the ray theory. Then, the cumulative detection probability model is built based on the active sonar equation to evaluate the efficiency of underwater detection. Finally, the detection probability is calculated and expressed by regionalization, and the influence of the sub-Arctic front on underwater detection is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the sub-Arctic front can significantly affect the underwater acoustic detection. The sound source located in the front in the cold-water mass has a better detection performance, especially detecting towards cold water (horizontal detection range > 60 km). In contrast, the sound source located in the warm-water mass has a poor detection performance (horizontal detection range in shallow sea < 10 km).

This study addresses the growing inadequacies of traditional architectural concepts and techniques in stormwater management amid the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, particularly in densely built urban micro-spaces. To tackle these challenges, we propose an integrated theoretical and practical framework applied to a case study of a small-scale urban public space in Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, covering an area of about 2.15 hectares in North China. The framework combines Best Management Practices Planning (BMP-P) with Low Impact Development Design (LID-D). The framework optimizes sub-catchment delineation, strategically locates drainage outlets, and configures network layouts to reduce runoff path lengths, thereby reducing total runoff volume, enhancing drainage capacity, and alleviating surface water accumulation, which, in turn, informs the parametric design of LID facilities. In the BMP-P phase, four source-control measures were developed based on runoff control and stormwater retention: adjusting terrain slopes, adding or removing curbs and facilities, redistributing infiltration areas, and adjusting drainage outlet and piping layouts. By shortening runoff paths and reducing potential waterlogging areas, these measures effectively reduced total runoff volume (Trv) by 31.5% to 35.7% and peak runoff volume (Prv) by 19.4% to 32.4%. Moreover, by remodeling the stormwater network with a different layout, larger pipe diameters, and substantially increased network capacity, the total discharge (Tdv) increased by 1.8% to 50.2%, and the peak discharge rate (Pdr) increased by 100% to 550%, thus minimizing surface flooding. In the LID-D phase, we developed a Grasshopper-based parametric design program for the layout and design of LID facilities. This approach significantly reduces interdisciplinary communication costs and enhances urban planning efficiency. By integrating BMP and LID strategies, the proposed framework offers a flexible, rapid, and efficient solution for achieving resilient stormwater management in the context of urban micro-renewal.

The intrinsic attributes and service functions of community gardens (CGs) are closely related to the stage of national development and social needs. With the gradual implementation of China’s urban micro-renewal policy, many CGs have been gradually developed, but they still face problems such as poor operation and low participation, which urgently require us to carry out site-based research under China’s actual national conditions. Constructing a human’s perception value-oriented evaluation system and summarizing the optimization strategies according to the evaluation results can provide more systematic and targeted practical guidance for the construction of CGs in China. We developed a set of evaluation metrics for CGs based network text analysis, literature analysis, and expert opinions and collected 245 questionnaires from 20 existing CGs in Wuhan as a study sample. Using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, we conducted statistical analysis of data for each type of CG. The results show that “Mosquito impact”, “Facility maintenance”, and “Social experience” are essential parts of residential-type community gardens (Resi-CGs) that are easily overlooked; that the users of commercial-type community gardens (Comm-CGs) consider that “Mosquito impact” is a serious deficiency; that campus-type community gardens (Camp-CGs) need to be optimized with regard to the aspects of “Crop stewardship” and “Leisure facilities”; and finally that there is no significant trend in the key improvement indicators of company-type community gardens (Comp-CGs) and the indicators like “Fitness and recreation experience”, “Crop diversity”, and “Aesthetics” need to be improved. According to the above results, we put forward specific optimization strategies to provide development guidelines and practical guidance for the future construction of CGs.