Purpose: Low-density polyethylene microplastics are ingested into the bloodstream and distributed to all the organ tissue, including the hippocampus, causing toxic effects. This research aimed to elucidate the responses of hippocampal neurons to microplastic in the blood based on the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hippocampal neurons, and blood serum amyloid beta 1– 42 (Aβ 42) levels using SMART PLS pathway analysis. Methods: This was a pure experimental research on Wistar rats with a post-test control group design. Five experimental groups (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) were given 0.0375 mg, 0.075 mg, 0.15 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.6 mg of low-density polyethylene microplastics mixed in 2cc distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, except for control (C), the groups received microplastics an oral probe for 90 days. Results: The molecular response of hippocampal neurons of Wistar rats to microplastics in the blood significantly decreased SOD enzyme expression, while CAT enzyme was unaffected. It considerably increased neuronal membrane damage (expression of MDA), increased considerably neuronal deoxyribonucleic acid damage (expression of 8-OHdG), and decreased blood serum Aβ 42 levels (pathway analysis, all t-value > 1.96). Conclusion: The pathway analysis showed that hippocampal neurons were significantly affected by microplastic particles in the blood. Graphical Abstract:

Latar Belakang: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) hingga saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk pulau Bali. Provinsi bali yang terdiri dari 9 kabupaten/kota adalah daerah endemis DBD, padahal Provinsi Bali adalah destinasi wisata baik lokal maupun mancanegara.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemaparan berupa gambaran kejadian DBD di Provinsi Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancang bangun caseseries. Sumberdata pada penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu Profil Kesehatan provinsi Bali tahun2015 hingga 2017, dan data iklim di Provinsi Bali tahun 2015-2017yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik provinsi Bali. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insiden DBD per 100000 penduduk di Provinsi Bali tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2017 berturut turut 65,5: 174,5: 210,2; 259,1; 483; 105. Puncak insiden tertinggi Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) ada pada tahun 2016.Pada tahun 2017 ada 4 kabupaten/kota yang insidennya tinggi seperti kabupaten Badung , kota Denpasar , kabupaten Buleleng dan kabupaten Gianyar. Penyebab meningkatnya insiden DBD adalah banyaknya genangan air sebagai tempat perindukan nyamuk Aedes aegypti saat musim hujan, sehingga populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti meningkat. Insidens DBD terjadi pada bulan Januari hingga Mei, yang di pengaruhi oleh cuaca lokal, kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat, curah hujan, topografi maupun kepadatan,serta mobilitas penduduk. Simpulan: Insiden DBD dipengaruhi oleh pola musim hujan , di bulan Januari, Februari, Maret, April dan Mei didukung kepadatan dan mobilitas dari penduduk. ABSTRACT Title: An Overview of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Cases in Bali Island 2012-2017 Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including the island of Bali. Bali province consists of 9 regencies / cities is a dengue endemic area, whereas the island of Bali is a tourist destination both locally and internationally. This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence rates (IR) of DHF in the island of Bali. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with case series design. Data sources in this study use secondary data obtianed from Bali Health Profile 2015 – 2017, and the climate data of Bali Province in 2015-2017 was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Bali Province. Results: The results showed the Incidence Rates (IR) of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the island of Bali in 2012- 2017 were 65.5; 174.5; 210.2; 259.1; 483 and 105.7 respectively. The highest incidence rates (IR) of DHF was notified in 2016. Up to 2017 there were 4 districts that had reported high incidence of DHF, such as Badung Regency, Denpasar City, Buleleng Regency, and Gianyar Regency. Factors contributing to the increasing incidence of DHF in Bali were the existence of water container as the potential breeding places for mosquitos vector of Aedes aegypti, particularly during rainy season. This condition initiated the increased population of Aedes aegypti. The incidence of dengue fever cases intensively occurred during January – May influenced by local weather climate, socio- economic condition, rainfall, topography, as well as population density and mobility Conclusion: The incidence of DHF is significantly associated with weather seasonal patterns whereasthe highest DHF incidence rates are found in each year in January, February, March, April and May. The other significant factors are including of rainfall, population density and mobility.

Background: Basic health research in 2013 found that diarrhea incidence in toddler was the highest. The working area of a public health center in Wonokusumo Surabaya found that the diarrhea incidence in toddler increased from 62 cases in 2015 to 385 cases in 2016. Purpose: This study was aimed to analyze the protective factor of diarrhea. Methods: This study was analytic observational with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted from 18 January to 23 February 2013 in community group (RW) 2 in Wonokusumo region, Surabaya city. The population of this study consisted of 210 mothers who had toddlers. There were 67 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaire and observation and analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results: These variables had significant influence on diarrhea incidence simultaneously, namely protected water resource utilization (PR = 0,10; 95% CI = 0,02 < PR < 0,64), healthy latrine utilization (PR = 0,06; 95% CI = 0,01 < PR < 0,50), washing hand habit (PR = 0,10; 95% CI = 0,01 < PR < 0,72), and monthly body weight measurement participation (PR = 0,04; 95% CI = 0,01 < PR < 0,29). The other variables such as mother’s employment, wage according to city minimum wage, and breastfeeding history. Conclusion: The protective factors of this study were the utilization of protective water resource, good latrine utilization, washing hand habit, and body weight measurement participation.

Di Indonesia, prevalensi kecacingan berada pada kisaran 45% - 65% dan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting. Berbagai cacing yang menginfeksi anak berusia di bawah 12 tahun dengan prevalensi tinggi meliputi Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale,Necator americanus, dan Enterobius vermicularis. Infeksi cacingperut diduga menyebar melalui sanitasi lingkungan dan higiene perorangan yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara lingkungan rumah dan kejadian kecacingan pada anak di bawah lima tahun (balita). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada anak balita di Kampung Keputih Kecamatan Sukolilo Surabaya selama bulan Maret – Mei 2010 dengan desain penelitian kasus kontrol terhadap 51 kasus dan 51 kontrol. Pengumpulan data melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium, wawancara, dan observasi. Analisis data dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik. Prevalensi kejadian kecacingan dengan pemeriksaan tinja pada anak balita adalah 9,8%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kecacingan pada anak balita adalah keberadaan sarana sanitasi (jamban) (OR = 5,245), kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) (OR = 4,821), masih adanya lantai tanah (OR = 5,342), kebiasaan cuci tangan setelah BAB (OR = 4,654), dan pengetahuan ibu tentang kecacingan (OR = 2,425). Disarankan untuk pengadaan jamban yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan plester rumah, meningkatkan penyuluhan pada orang tua balita dan kader kesehatan tentang kejadian kecacingan.Kata kunci: Lingkungan rumah, kecacingan, anak di bawah lima tahunAbstractIn Indonesia, helminthiasis is still a public health problem due to its prevalence. The prevalence is 45% - 65%. The species of helminthes whom infecting children under 12 years old are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Enterobius vermicularis. It suspected that infestation of helmint can transmit through lack of environment sanitation and personal hygiene. The objective of research was analyze an association between housing environmental and helminthiasis among students of early childhood age. This research conducted since March until May 2010 with case control design and sample size was 51 subjectsfor cases and 51 subjects for control. Data analysis used chi square test and logistic regression. The prevalence of helminthiasis with feces examination among the students was 9,8%. The factors associated with helminthiasis were presence of latrines (OR = 5,245), defecation habits (OR = 4,821), type of floor (OR = 5,342), washing hands after defecation (OR = 4,654), and parental knowledge (OR = 2,425). It’s appleated to provide a close with good standard of environmental health, making the cement floor, increase knowledge about helminthiasis and the risk factorsKey words: Housing environmental, helminthiasis, children under fiveyears old

Pada tanggal 28 September 2018 telah terjadi gempabumi dengan kekuatan 7,4 SR dengan pusat gempa berada di 26 km Utara Donggala dan 80 km Barat Laut kota Palu pada kedalaman 10 km. Guncangan gempa di Palu dapat dirasakan berbagai sekitar (Donggala, Parigi Moutong, Sigi, Poso, dan Toli-Toli) yang memicu tsunami hingga ketinggian 5 meter dan likuifaksi. Dalam kondisi ini keluarga merupakan yang terdampak besar dari akibat multi bencana, dimana banyak keluarga yang mengungsi akibat rumah hancur, tenggelam karena likuifaksi, rusak parah, termasuk kesulitan mendapatkan akses kesehatan, akses pendidikan anak-anak, akses sosial dan ekonomi terhambat. Selain itu, keluarga menjadi kelompok sosial pertama yang dipandang mampu untuk menjalankan komunikasi efektif dalam berbagai hal, sehingga keluarga yang tinggal di daerah rawan bencana lebih memerlukan pendidikan dan pendampingan untuk tanggap bencana untuk menjadi keluarga Tangguh bencana (katana). Terdapat 3 (tiga) tahapan kunci dalam upaya katana, yakni: 1. Sadar risiko bencana, sadar terhadap risiko dan ancaman bencana yang ada di lingkungannya; 2. Pengetahuan, mengetahui dan dapat memperkuat struktur bangunan, paham manajemen bencana, dan edukasi bencana; dan 3. Berdaya, merupakan kemampuan dalam menyelamatkan diri sendiri, keluarga dan tetangga. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah upaya peningkatan dan mendorong peran serta keluarga dalam penanggulangan bencana multi hazard di Kabupaten Sigi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah dalam rangka mendukung terbentuknya Keluarga tangguh bencana (Katana). Peningkatan pengetahuan dan skill diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas keluarga dalam penanggulangan bencana multi hazard.

Lipopolysaccharides Endotoxin-containing Paddy Dust Leads to Cross-shift Lung Function Decline and Respiratory Complaints in Paddy Milling Machine Operators