Despite the availability of many novel therapies for multiple myeloma, it remains an incurable disease with relapse fated in almost all patients. In the era of modern agents, second autologous stem cell transplantation still holds its role in patients relapsing after first-line autologous transplant. The authors reviewed a single-center experience with a second auto-SCT for relapsed multiple myeloma. Thirty patients had received a salvage auto-SCT at the institution. The median follow-up after diagnosis was 86 months, and the median time between transplants was 59.1 months. Response before second ASCT was the following: CR – 11 cases, VGPR – 9 cases, PR – 10 cases. Most patients received reduced dose (140 mg/m2) of melphalan as a conditioning regimen for the second auto-SCT. Treatment-related mortality was 3%. With a median follow-up time of 34 months after the second transplant, median progression-free survival was 24 months. The median PFS in the patients achieving CR or VGPR at day 100 after the second transplantation was 32 months. By 15 months, all patients achieved only partial remission progressed, with a median PFS of 8.5 months. During the follow-up period, no MDS or AML developed, and the frequency of second malignancy was also low, 3%. In conclusion, second autologous stem cell transplantation is a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for relapsed multiple myeloma in selected patients, though with a shorter PFS than in first remission.

Treating relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is still challenging for clinicians, but the available CAR-T and bispecific antibodies have revolutionized therapy. Autologous stem cell transplantation was the most effective treatment modality previously. The authors reported data from a single center over ten years. The retrospective study included 116 patients, with 53 relapsed cases, 39 primary refractory cases, 19 who had CNS involvement, and 5 who had received primary consolidation transplants. The median duration of follow-up was 46 months. The median event-free survival was 75 months, and the median overall survival was 105 months for all cases. Five-year overall survival was 59%, and event-free survival was 54%. Pretreatment prognostic factors at diagnosis had no effect on the outcome of transplantation. The authors found no difference between survival in relapsed or refractory cases, and the number of salvage lines or the germinal center/activated B-cell type also did not influence the results. Complete metabolic response before transplantation confirmed by ¹⁸FDG PET/CT strongly affected survival. The pre-transplant creatinine and CRP levels significantly influenced the long-term outcome. The number of stem cells infused did not affect survival, but engraftment within nine days did result in a longer survival. These data support the finding that the response to salvage therapy did facilitate the identification of a better prognostic group who may still benefit from autologous transplantation.

Treating relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is still challenging for clinicians, but the available CAR-T and bispecific antibodies revolutionized therapy. Autologous stem cell transplantation was the most effective treatment modality previously. The authors report data from a single center over ten years. The retrospective study included 116 patients. There were 53 relapsed, 39 primary refractory cases, 19 had CNS involvement, and 5 received primary consolidation transplants. The median duration of follow-up was 46 months. The median event-free survival was 75 months, and the median overall survival was 105 months for all cases. Five-year overall survival was 59%, and event-free survival was 54%. Pretreatment prognostic factors at diagnosis had no effect on the outcome of transplantation. The authors found no difference between survival in relapsed or refractory cases, and the number of salvage lines or the germinal center / activated B-cell type also did not influence the results. Complete metabolic response before transplant confirmed by 18FDG PET/CT strongly affected survival. The pretransplant creatinine and CRP levels significantly influenced the long-term outcome. The number of stem cells infused did not affect survival, but engraftment within nine days did result in better survival. These data support the finding that the response to salvage therapy did select a better prognostic group who may still benefit from autologous transplantation.

Absztrakt: A multirezisztens kórokozók jelenléte világszerte egyre nagyobb gondot jelent a kórházakban. A túlzott és indokolatlan, vagy helytelenül megválasztott antibiotikum-kezelések hatására a rezisztens törzsek kiszelektálódnak, és súlyos infekciókat okoznak, ami az immunszuprimált betegekben sokkal kifejezettebb. E probléma megoldására indult 2013-ban a Debreceni Egyetem Klinikai Központ Belgyógyászati Intézet B épület Hematológiai Osztályán az antibiotikumok diverzifikálása. A monoton gyógyszerválasztás tudatos elkerülésének eredményeként egyes multirezisztens törzsek, így a kiterjedt spektrumú béta-laktamáz termelő Escherichia coli (2012-ben 16, 2016-ban 4 eset) és Klebsiella pneumoniae (2012-ben 27, 2016-ban 3 eset) előfordulása csökkent. Ugyanakkor új gond a vancomycinrezisztens Enterococcus spp. megjelenése (2012-ben 1, 2016-ban 6 pozitív tenyésztés), aminek hátterében valószínűleg a Clostridium difficile-infekció miatt kezelt esetek számának növekedése áll (2011-ben 2, 2015-ben 11 eset). A hely... Multidrug resistant bacteria are one of the most important current threats to public health. Excessive and causeless use of antibiotics can promote development of antibiotic resistance. It can cause dangerous infections, which can be serious in immunocompromised patients. In 2013 in our haematology ward we started to swap and alternate antibiotics selected for unidentified infections. The results of this program have been investigated, including changes in efficacy of the most commonly used antibiotics, as well as the frequency of multidrug resistant microbes. Our research revealed a tendency towards decreasing prevalence regarding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (in 2012, 16 positive cultures, in 2016, only 4 cases) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (in 2012, 27 cases, in 2016, only 3 cases). The occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) continues to be an escalating problem (in 2012, only 1 case, in 2016, 6 cases). The number of Clostridium difficile cases signif...