Collaborative cooperation (CC) and division of labor cooperation (DLC) are two prevalent forms of cooperative problem-solving approaches in daily life. Despite extensive research on the neural mechanisms underlying cooperative problem-solving approaches, a notable gap exists between the neural processes that support CC and DLC. The present study utilized a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning technique along with a classic cooperative tangram puzzle task to investigate the neural mechanisms engaged by both friends and stranger dyads during CC versus DLC. The key findings of this study were as follows: (1) Dyads exhibited superior behavioral performance in the DLC task than in the CC task. The CC task bolstered intra-brain functional connectivity and inter-brain synchrony (IBS) in regions linked to the mirror neuron system (MNS), spatial perception (SP) and cognitive control. (2) Friend dyads showed stronger IBS in brain regions associated with the MNS than stranger dyads. (3) Perspective-taking predicted not only dyads' behavioral performance in the CC task but also their IBS in brain regions associated with SP during the DLC task. Taken together, these findings elucidate the divergent behavioral performance and neural connection patterns between the two cooperative problem-solving approaches. This study provides novel insights into the various neurocognitive processes underlying flexible coordination strategies in real-world cooperative contexts.

Background: The incidence of smartphone addiction has been widely studied, but the research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress and internet gaming disorder is limited. This study investigated the characteristics and prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, it provides the scientific basis for intervention measures in schools, families, and society.Methods: A random cluster sampling method was applied to investigate 656 medical students from grades 1 to 4 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui province, People’s Republic of China. The questionnaire consisted of general information, a smartphone addiction scale, an Internet gaming disorder scale, and a Kessler 6-item psychological distress test. The obtained results were first summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to compare the status of smartphone addiction. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and various variables.Results: Our results showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students was 49.5% (325/656). Psychological distress (p < 0.001), internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001), and childhood trauma (p = 0.001) were highly correlated with smartphone addiction in medical students. Psychological distress, and internet gaming disorder were positively associated with smartphone addiction (p < 0.000).Conclusion: The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among medical students in Chinese. Smartphone addiction is highly related to related to internet gaming disorder and psychological distress.

Objective. To analyze the relationship between boredom proneness and phubbing among Chinese college students and examine how self‐control and bedtime procrastination mediate this relationship during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Methods. A total of 707 Chinese college students were voluntarily surveyed. They completed the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP), Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), and Self‐Control Scale (SCS). Results. (1) The results revealed that men scored higher on boredom than women. (2) The analysis revealed significant associations between each of the variables. Boredom proneness was positively correlated with bedtime procrastination (r = 0.318; P < 0.001) and phubbing (r = 0.418; P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with self‐control (r = −0.518; P < 0.001). (3) Mediation analysis suggested that self‐control and bedtime procrastination mediate the relationship between boredom proneness and phubbing (effect of self‐control = 0.094, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.062∼0.128]; effect of bedtime procrastination = 0.025, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.011∼0.042]; and effect of self‐control and bedtime procrastination = 0.032, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.020∼0.046]). Conclusion. Self‐control and bedtime procrastination mediate the association between boredom proneness and phubbing among Chinese college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic passion (AP) and subjective well-being (SWB), along with the mediating role of psychological resilience (PR) and the moderating role of academic climate (AC), among Chinese female research talent in reserve. A convenience sampling method was used to select 304 female master’s degree students from several universities in the central region of China a questionnaire survey. The results show that: (1) AP has a positive predictive effect on the SWB of female reserve research talents; (2) PR partially mediated the relationship between the AP and SWB of female reserve research talents; (3) AC moderated the relationship between the AP and SWB of female reserve research talents. Thus, the findings of this study support a moderated mediation model that explores the relationship between AP and SWB for female research backups, with PR as the mediating variable and AC as the moderating variable. These findings provide a new perspective with which to explore the mechanisms influencing the subjective well-being of female research reserves.

Background: With the acceleration of population aging, depressive symptoms in older adults have become an urgent global public health issue. It is critical to understand how to prevent and intervene the epidemic of depressive symptoms. Several studies have reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults in urban and rural China, but there is a lack of cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults in Anhui Province after the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Between December 2023 and February 2024, we used convenience sampling to randomly recruit 1,175 older people over 60 years old in Anhui Province, China. The PHQ-9 depressive symptom scale, frailty scale, and social frailty scale were used in the study. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between frailty, social frailty, family health and depressive symptoms in older adults.Result: Of the 1,175 participants, 406 (34.6%) had depressive symptoms. Binary logistic regression results showed that Status of body pain (p < 0.001), Number of hospitalizations in the past year (p < 0.001), Status of social frailty (p < 0.001) and Status of frailty (p < 0.001) were highly correlated with depressive symptoms in older adults. While family health (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.26–1.11, p = 0.092) was a protective factor for depressive symptoms in older adults.Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults is high in Anhui Province, China. Frailty, social frailty, and poor family health are associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in older adults. Public health departments should pay more attention to the construction of mental health protection in the three environmental contexts of individual, family and society to promote healthy aging.