Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with high prevalence and a major cause for death worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major manifestation of diabetes. Aldehyde dehydrogenease 2 (ALDH2) detoxifies aldehyde produced during ethanol metabolism and oxidative stress. It has been found that the polymorphism in ALDH2 rs671 is probably associated with the risk of T2DM and DR. However, a lot of inconsistency and controversy still exists. In order to get a more precise and comprehensive estimation for the association between ALDH2 polymorphism with the risk of T2DM and DR, we conducted the present meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases, such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, for all related studies. The included studies met the inclusion criteria, such as being case-control studies about the association of ALDH2 polymorphism and T2DM or DR susceptibility, with sufficient data for the present analysis. Eight studies with 2374 cases and 6694 controls were involved in the present meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant lower risk of T2DM for *1/*1 genotype in homozygous models (*1/*1 vs. *2/*2, OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11–0.89, p = 0.03) and in the dominant model (*1/*1 vs. *2/*2 + *1/*2, OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.37–1.00, p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity found a significant lower risk of T2DM in Chinese in all genotype models. No significant relation was found between ALDH2 rs671 and DR. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis indicated that ALDH2 rs671 was significantly related with T2DM. The ALDH2 rs671 might be able to be used as a predictor for the risk of T2DM. However, due to the existence of heterogeneity and publication bias in the involved studies, our results should be interpreted with caution.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease which has become a leading cause of death worldwide. The polymorphisms in Interleukin-17 (IL-17A), including rs2275913, rs3819024, rs3819025, rs3748067, rs8193037, rs4711998, and rs8193036, have been found to be probably associated with the risk of CAD. However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. The present study performed a meta-analysis to get a more precise and comprehensive estimation of the association between the IL-17A polymorphisms and CAD risk. The Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases were searched for related studies. A total of six studies, including 3542 cases and 3212 controls, were identified for the meta-analysis. The main findings of the present meta-analysis show that the TT genotype of IL-17A rs3748067 is associated with a significant lower risk of CAD in the homozygous model odds ratio (OR) (OR = 0.37) in Asians. No significant association was found for rs2275913, rs3819024, rs3819025, rs8193037, rs4711998, and rs8193036 with CAD susceptibility in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analysis indicated a significant decreased risk of CAD for the GG genotype and G allele of rs2275913 in a small sample size group, and a higher risk of CAD for the GG genotype and G allele of rs8193037 in a heterozygous model (OR = 1.56), dominant model (OR = 1.54), and allelic model (OR = 1.47) in Asians. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis suggests a significant relationship between rs3748067, rs8193037, and CAD in Asians, while for rs2275913, rs3819024, rs3819025, rs4711998, rs8193036, no such relations were found. Thus, IL-17A rs3748067 and rs8193037 might be recommended as a predictor for susceptibility of CAD for Asians. However, the results of this meta-analysis are hypothesis-generating results which should be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity and publication bias among study designs.

Using ArcGIS to analyze the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province in combination with the actual local conditions of traditional villages, the purpose of this study is to determine the development model suitable for their characteristics. The results show several important features of traditional village distribution. (1) The traditional villages in Yunnan Province have spatial structural characteristics of unbalanced cohesive distribution, and they are mainly distributed in the higher-level cities and prefectures such as northwest Yunnan, west Yunnan and south Yunnan. Among them, the traditional villages of Baoshan City have the highest distribution density of 66.33 per 10000 km2. This is followed by Dali Prefecture and Honghe Prefecture, where the densities of traditional villages are 44.13 per 10000 km2 and 37.66 per 10000 km2, respectively. (2) The factors affecting the spatial distribution structure of traditional villages in Yunnan Province are natural geographical factors, humanistic historical factors and transportation factors. Among them, the natural geographical conditions with a large vertical gap in Yunnan Province gave birth to the human settlement environment of traditional villages. The history of a farming civilization that has been passed down from generation to generation has laid a brilliant and splendid humanistic foundation for traditional villages, and the high-altitude areas are relatively primitive. The transportation conditions have delayed the destruction of traditional villages by urbanization and industrialization. In summary, these factors have affected the spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages in Yunnan Province to some extent. (3) According to the law of the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Yunnan Province, it is necessary to explore the activation path of traditional village tourism with regional characteristics and ethnic characteristics, and also to carry out differentiated development according to the different endowment characteristics of local resources, that is to develop a series of activation modes including agricultural tourism, cultural tourism and ecological tourism.

Luteolin is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility, which has many limitations in practical use. To improve solubility, a spray drying technique was used to prepare complexes with lactose to promote the solubility and bioavailability of luteolin. The solution samples were spray dried using different ratios of water and ethanol as different dissolution media. By characterizing the spray‐dried powders obtained, we found that the solubility of the different groups of samples obtained by spray drying was improved, and similarly, their dissolution rates were also increased to different degrees. By comparison, both luteolin and the cofactor lactose were able to achieve high dissolution rates at suitable solution ratios and formed amorphous eutectic crystals after the spray drying process, which contributed well to the increased solubility and altered dissolution efficiency of luteolin.

Realgar (As ₄ S ₄ ) has shown antitumor activity, but its pharmaceutical application is limited by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, and systemic toxicity. In this study, we developed AS1411-functionalized albumin nanoparticles (As ₄ S ₄ @ BSA-AS1411 NPs) for targeted delivery of realgar to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bulk As ₄ S ₄ was converted into nanosized clusters and encapsulated in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) matrix, followed by surface conjugation with the nucleolin-targeting aptamer AS1411. The resulting nanoparticles showed suitable physicochemical properties and good colloidal stability in physiologically relevant media, together with enhanced cellular internalization in 4T1 cells. Compared with non-targeted nanoparticles, AS1411 modification significantly increased cytotoxicity and reduced the migratory ability of 4T1 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that treatment with As ₄ S ₄ @BSA-AS1411 NPs was associated with upregulation of GADD45G and downregulation of mTOR, suggesting a stress-related antiproliferative effect. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated increased tumor accumulation of AS1411-functionalized NPs. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, systemic administration of As ₄ S ₄ @BSA-AS1411 NPs produced greater tumor growth inhibition than non-targeted controls, accompanied by increased apoptosis and reduced proliferative activity in tumor tissues. In addition, the formulation showed good in vivo tolerability, with no evident systemic toxicity or hemolytic activity. These findings indicate that AS1411-functionalized albumin NPs are a promising delivery system for improving the antitumor efficacy and safety profile of realgar in TNBC.

Aims: To construct a management and prevention program for targeted therapy-induced hand-foot skin reactions (HFSR). Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods: Based on a literature review and expert consensus meetings, a two-round expert panel discussion involving 10 experts was conducted to finalize the HFSR management and prevention program. Data sources: Articles were systematically searched on the CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP, PubMed, UpToDate, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and guideline publication websites, NGC, NCCN, NICE, SIGN and ESMO databases from inception up to June 2023. Results: The final program comprised 8 primary indicators, 16 secondary indicators, 36 tertiary indicators, and 54 quaternary entries. These include baseline level and hand-foot skin assessment, skin erythema care, skin keratosis care, skin blister management, skin ulcer care, skin pain management, management of other accompanying symptoms, and hand-foot protection and prevention education. Conclusion: This management and prevention program, constructed based on evidence and expert discussion, is scientifically sound and clinically applicable, providing reliable guidance for the management and prevention of HFSR in clinical practice. Impact: Based on the best available evidence for managing and preventing hand-foot skin reactions induced by targeted therapies, we recommend that nursing leaders implement personalized symptom management plans tailored to the common symptoms of these reactions. Such an approach may help in the early detection of hand-foot skin reactions and alleviate patients’ skin pain effectively.