Scientists have categorized conductive polymers as materials having strongly reversible redox behavior and uncommon combined features of plastics and metal. Because of their multifunctional characteristics, e.g., simplistic synthesis, acceptable environmental stability, beneficial optical, electronic, and mechanical features, researchers have largely considered them for diverse applications. Therefore, their capability of catalyzing several electrode reactions has been introduced as one of their significant features. A thin layer of the conducting polymer deposited on the substrate electrode surface can augment the electrode process kinetics of several solution species. Such electrocatalytic procedures with modified conducting polymer electrodes can create beneficial utilization in diverse fields of applied electrochemistry. This review article explores typical recent applications of conductive polymers (2016–2020) as active electrode materials for energy storage applications, electrochemical sensing, and conversion fields such as electrochemical supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells.

This study is on current developments concerning ferrocene (FC) and its derivatives on the basis of electrochemical biosensors and sensors. The distinct physiochemical characteristics of FC have enabled the development of new sensor devices, specifically electrochemical sensors. Several articles have focused on the implementation of FC as an electrode constituent while discussing its electrochemical behavior. Furthermore, typical FC-design-based biosensors and sensors are considered as well as practical examples. The favorable design of FC-based biosensors and general sensors needs adequate control of their chemical and physical characteristics in addition to their surface immobilization and functionalization.