Red clay is a common roadbed filler in China. In southern China, because of the high natural moisture content, it is hard to make enough compact clay in the process of roadbed filling construction, and it shrinks and cracks when dehydrated. This article compares the domestic regional soil properties of red clay in China, analyzing its physical properties, composition, chemical properties, and water characteristics, and the filler used in the construction of the Dongxin expressway. Swelling of the red clay packing was also observed. According to laboratory tests, field test analyses, and settlement observation tests, when using red clay as road filler, the use of a smooth bump grinding wheel and rolling of subgrade compaction works best for controlling moisture content, with the wet compaction test method within the range of $\pm 5\%$ of optimum moisture content. This method can ensure the strength and stability of the subgrade to provide guidance for the use of red clay in construction.

In this paper, using a new operator decomposition method (or framework), we establish the existence, regularity and upper semi-continuity of global attractors for a perturbed nonclassical diffusion equation with fading memory. It is worth noting that we get the same conclusion in [7,14] as the perturbed parameters \begin{document}$ \nu = 0 $\end{document}, but the nonlinearity \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} satisfies arbitrary polynomial growth condition rather than critical exponential growth condition.

Multiple projects are increasingly managed in a decentralized environment, resulting in an inapplicable centralized resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem (CRCMPSP). A decentralized resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem (DRCMPSP) is proposed to ensure the timely delivery of products and services within budget. DRCMPSP often faces difficulty in effectively addressing resource conflict. Moreover, activity durations are hard to determine in advance due to various unpredictable events. Therefore, this paper investigates the performance of priority rules (PRs) for global resource allocation of stochastic DRCMPSP. A two-stage heuristic based on PR is then developed to resolve global resource contention under a stochastic environment. 25 PRs from the literature were selected and incorporated into our approach to explore their efficiency on global resource allocation in different global objectives, that is, the expected average project delay (EAPD) and expected total makespan (ETMS). Computational experiments based on the Multi-Project Scheduling Problem LIBrary (MPSPLIB) dataset show that more efficient PRs always favor activities that try to obtain a low delay for each project for EAPD, whereas for ETMS, more efficient PRs tend to favor the longest projects. Furthermore, the hybrid PRs based on more efficient PRs are designed to allocate global resources, and experimental results show that the average percentage of 3 hybrid PRs better than that of their components is 1.14% for EAPD and 0.81% for ETMS, respectively.

Based on analytical and simulation methods, this paper discusses the path choice behavior of mixed traffic flow with autonomous vehicles, advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) vehicles and ordinary vehicles, aiming to promote the development of autonomous vehicles. Firstly, a bi-level programming model of mixed traffic flow assignments constrained by link capacity is established to minimize travel time. Subsequently, the algorithm based on the incremental allocation method and method of successive averages is proposed to solve the model. Through a numerical example, the road network capacity under different modes is obtained, the impact of market penetration on travel time is analyzed, and the state and characteristics of single equilibrium flow and mixed equilibrium flow are explored. Analysis results show that the road network can be maximized based on saving travel time when all vehicles are autonomous, especially when the autonomous lane is adopted. The travel time can be shortened by increasing the market penetration of autonomous vehicles and ATIS vehicles, while the former is more effective. However, the popularization of autonomous vehicles cannot be realized in the short term; the market penetration of autonomous vehicles and ATIS vehicles can be set to 0.2 and 0.6, respectively, during the introduction period.

Purpose: This study develops a model and algorithm to solve the decentralized resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem (DRCMPSP) and provides a suitable priority rule (PR) for coordinating global resource conflicts among multiple projects.Design/methodology/approach: This study addresses the DRCMPSP, which respects the information privacy requirements of project agents; that is, there is no single manager centrally in charge of generating multi-project scheduling. Accordingly, a three-stage model was proposed for the decentralized management of multiple projects. To solve this model, a three-stage solution approach with a repeated negotiation mechanism was proposed.Findings: The experimental results obtained using the Multi-Project Scheduling Problem LIBrary confirm that our approach outperforms existing methods, regardless of the average utilization factor (AUF). Comparative analysis revealed that delaying activities in the lower project makespan produces a lower average project delay. Furthermore, the new PR LMS performed better in problem subsets with AUF < 1 and large-scale subsets with AUF > 1.Originality/value: A solution approach with a repeated-negotiation mechanism suitable for the DRCMPSP and a new PR for coordinating global resource allocation are proposed.