The therapeutical attributes of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in both conditions (in vitro and in vivo) have been investigated using different plants. This study focused on the green chemistry approach that was employed to optimize the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Cleome brachycarpa aqueous extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The characterization of obtained CB-AgNPs was undertaken using UV-visible spectroscopy, Atomic-force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Results suggest that CB-AgNPs synthesized via stirring produced small-sized particles with more even distribution. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical with a 20 to 80 nm size range. In vitro studies were used to analyze antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potential under different conditions. The results also indicated that CB-AgNPs may have significant potential as an antidiabetic in low concentrations, but also exhibited potential antioxidant activity at different concentrations. Moreover, the anticancer activity against the breast cell line (MCF-7) with IC₅₀ reached up to 18 μg/mL. These results suggest that green synthesized silver nanoparticles provide a promising phytomedicine for the management of diabetes and cancer therapeutics.

Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most popular multidisciplinary topics, with applications in a wide range of fields. Despite the use of numerous nanoparticle synthesis processes such as laser ablation, mechanical milling, spinning, and chemical deposition, the process is unsuitable for continuous production due to the use of dangerous chemicals and the high cost. As a result, the need for a long-term, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible growth strategy has grown in recent years. Green synthesis is gaining huge interest as a dependable, long-lasting, and environment-friendly way to synthesize a variety of nanoparticles, different secondary metabolites including polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids present in plant extract act as reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Despite several reports on the biological activities (antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, catalytic, etc.), only a handful of studies have compared these activities with their chemically synthesized counterparts. The mechanism for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by Mulberry and Ficus benghalensis extracts and their characterization using analytical techniques. Additionally, applications of these metal nanoparticles like therapeutic uses, industrial catalysts, and environmental remediations are highlighted.