An evolving field, nanotechnology has made its mark in the fields of nanoscience, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanomedicine. Specifically, metal nanoparticles have garnered attention for their diverse use and applicability to dressings for wound healing due to their antimicrobial properties. Given their convenient integration into wound dressings, there has been increasing focus dedicated to investigating the physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of these nanoparticles as well as their incorporation into biocomposite materials, such as hydrogel scaffolds for use in lieu of antibiotics as well as to accelerate and ameliorate healing. Though rigorously tested and applied in both medical and non-medical applications, further investigations have not been carried out to bring metal nanoparticle–hydrogel composites into clinical practice. In this review, we provide an up-to-date, comprehensive review of advancements in the field, with emphasis on implications on wound healing in in vivo experiments.

Background: In the last few years, ketamine is becoming increasingly common in the treatment of mental health conditions, but there is a lack of safety data informing intramuscular and sublingual dosing in a community-focused group psychotherapy setting. The Roots To Thrive ketamine-assisted therapy (RTT-KaT) program is a unique 12-week RTT-KaT program with 12 community of practice (a form of group therapy) sessions and three ketamine medicine sessions. Objectives: This study reports on adverse effects of intramuscular and sublingual ketamine dosing in a community group psychotherapy setting among 128 participants across four cohorts. Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: A chart review of the RTT-KaT Program was performed retrospectively on four cohorts ( n = 128) that participated in 448 sessions running between September 2020 and December 2021. Baseline characteristics and adverse events were captured including medication administration before, during, and after RTT-KaT sessions. Analyses by session and by individual were conducted. Chi-square test with Yates’ continuity correction was used to assess side effects in subgroups from ketamine administration. Results: RTT-KaT was well tolerated with none of the 128 participants dropping out of the program. Primarily, of the 448 sessions, 49.16% had elevated blood pressures post-KaT session by session. In terms of other adverse effects, 12.05% of participant-sessions experienced nausea, 2.52% had an episode of vomiting, 3.35% had a headache, and seven participant-sessions experienced dizziness. Analysis by individual revealed congruent findings. Conclusion: These findings suggest good safety and tolerability for RTT-KaT among individuals seeking treatment for mental health issues. The majority of participants did not experience adverse reactions and the adverse events that were recorded involved transient symptoms that were resolved with rest and/or medications. The group therapy model described provides a comprehensive approach and presents a promising model for operating a KaT program in a community setting.

As the face ages, the skin, fat, muscle, and fascia descend, and the underlying bone, cartilage, and teeth may lose mass. Oculofacial aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This review summarizes the patterns of oculofacial aging that are observed across populations, including variations in periorbital hollowing, eyelid ptosis, and skin elasticity. Evidence indicates significant variability in aging patterns between sex- and race-based subgroups. Nonetheless, there remains a paucity of research on the progression of aging in some under-studied demographic groups. Signs of oculofacial aging often become apparent to patients well before these changes reach full maturity in later years, leading many to seek early esthetic interventions. Others may present with more advanced signs of aging, motivating a diverse range of therapeutic options. We discuss minimally invasive esthetic interventions to mitigate the signs of aging, which may include botulinum toxin injections, dermal fillers, applied energy-based treatments (e.g., lasers), and emerging techniques such as micro-focused ultrasound and platelet-rich plasma therapies. We review evidence on outcomes related to patient satisfaction and quality of life following esthetic interventions for oculofacial aging. Finally, we outline ethical considerations and challenges faced with the delivery of esthetic surgery, including treatment complications and the influence of social media. This review provides a comprehensive overview of oculofacial aging patterns, its management, and important considerations for the provision of esthetic oculofacial treatment.

Recent observational studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding an association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), particularly semaglutide, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). We aimed to synthesize the pooled evidence assessing the association between GLP-1RA use and NAION risk. Embase, Medline, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to April 5, 2025. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials comparing NAION risk in GLP-1RA users with non-GLP-1RA users were included. Title/abstract and full-text screening were conducted in duplicate by 2 independent reviewers. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion or adjudication by a third reviewer. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were estimated using Bayesian random-effects models, incorporating half-normal, between-study, and weakly informative priors. The RR with 95% credible interval (CrI) was computed to analyze the development of NAION associated with GLP-1RA exposure. Five studies were included in the primary analysis, encompassing 1,593,554 patients (682,456 semaglutide users and 911,098 non-GLP-1RA users). Semaglutide use was associated with a high probability of increased risk of NAION compared with non-GLP-1RA use (RR: 2.52, 95% CrI [1.56, 4.72], I²: 57.8%, P(RR > 1): 99.9%). This association was particularly pronounced among patients with diabetes (RR: 2.41, 95% CrI [1.57, 4.10], I²: 47.2%, P(RR > 1): 99.9%). The overall incidence of NAION across 5 studies and 7 comparisons, encompassing 1,460,760 patients (semaglutide: 1,108,542; dulaglutide: 326,282; and exenatide: 25,936) and 272 NAION events (semaglutide: 198; dulaglutide: 54; and exenatide: 20) was 85 cases per 100,000 GLP-1RA users (95% CrI [29, 263], I²: 98.8%, P(incidence >0.00001): 100%). The incidence of NAION across 1,108,542 semaglutide users was 118 cases per 100,000 (95% CrI [32, 451], I²: 98.8%, P(incidence >0.00001): 100%). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses consistently supported these findings. Low-to-moderate certainty evidence indicates that semaglutide significantly increases risk of NAION relative to non-GLP-1RAs, particularly among patients with diabetes. These findings warrant further investigation and should inform clinical risk-benefit discussions.